Perry - Chapter 27 Flashcards
What type of family is one in which all members are related by blood?
a. Consanguineous c. Family of origin
b. Affinal d. Household
ANS: A
A consanguineous family is one of the most common types and consists of members who have a blood relationship. The affinal family is one made up of marital relationships. Although the parents are married, they may each bring children from a previous relationship. The family of origin is the family unit that a person is born into. Considerable controversy has been generated about the newer concepts of families (i.e., communal, single-parent or homosexual families). To accommodate these other varieties of family styles, the descriptive term household is frequently used.
The nurse is teaching a group of new parents about the experience of role transition. Which statement by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
a. “My marital relationship can have a positive or negative effect on the role transition.”
b. “If an infant has special care needs, the parents’ sense of confidence in their new role is strengthened.”
c. “Young parents can adjust to the new role more easily than older parents.”
d. “A parent’s previous experience with children makes the role transition more difficult.”
ANS: A
If parents are supportive of each other, they can serve as positive influences on establishing satisfying parental roles. When marital tensions alter caregiving routines and interfere with the enjoyment of the infant, the marital relationship has a negative effect. Infants with special care needs can be a significant source of added stress. Older parents are usually more able to cope with the greater financial responsibilities, changes in sleeping habits, and reduced time for each other and other children. Parents who have previous experience with parenting appear more relaxed, have less conflict in disciplinary relationships, and are more aware of normal growth and development.
A 3-year-old girl was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guideline concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning her response?
a. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
b. The best time to tell the child is between ages 7 and 10 years.
c. It is not necessary to tell the child who was adopted so young.
d. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
ANS: A
It is important for the parents not to withhold information about the adoption from the child. It is an essential component of the child’s identity. There is no recommended best time to tell children. It is believed that children should be told young enough so they do not remember a time when they did not know. It should be done before the children enter school to keep third parties from telling the children before the parents have had the opportunity.
The mother of a school-age child tells the school nurse that she and her spouse are going through a divorce. The child has not been doing well in school and sometimes has trouble sleeping. The nurse should recognize this as:
a. Indicative of maladjustment.
b. Common reaction to divorce.
c. Suggestive of lack of adequate parenting.
d. Unusual response that indicates need for referral.
ANS: B
Parental divorce affects school-age children in many ways. In addition to difficulties in school, they often have profound sadness, depression, fear, insecurity, frequent crying, loss of appetite, and sleep disorders. Uncommon responses to parental divorce include indications of maladjustment, the suggestion of lack of adequate parenting, and the need for referral.
A mother brings 6-month-old Eric to the clinic for a well-baby checkup. She comments, “I want to go back to work, but I don’t want Eric to suffer because I’ll have less time with him.” The nurse’s most appropriate answer is:
a. “I’m sure he’ll be fine if you get a good babysitter.”
b. “You will need to stay home until Eric starts school.”
c. “You should go back to work so Eric will get used to being with others.”
d. “Let’s talk about the child care options that will be best for Eric.”
ANS: D
“Let’s talk about the child care options that will be best for Eric” is an open-ended statement that will assist the mother in exploring her concerns about what is best for both her and Eric. “I’m sure he’ll be fine if you get a good babysitter,” “You will need to stay home until Eric starts school,” and “You should go back to work so Eric will get used to being with others” are directive statements and do not address the effect of her working on Eric.
Which term best describes a group of people who share a set of values, beliefs, practices, social relationships, law, politics, economics, and norms of behavior?
a. Race c. Ethnicity
b. Culture d. Social group
ANS: B
Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values, beliefs, and practices that serve as a frame of reference for individual perceptions and judgments. Race is defined as a division of humankind that possesses traits transmissible by descent and sufficient to characterize it as a distinct human type. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage. A social group consists of systems of roles carried out in groups. Examples of primary social groups include the family and peer groups.
Which term best describes the emotional attitude that one’s own ethnic group is superior to others?
a. Culture c. Superiority
b. Ethnicity d. Ethnocentrism
ANS: D
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s way of living and behaving is the best way. This includes the emotional attitude that the values, beliefs, and perceptions of one’s ethnic group are superior to those of others. Culture is a pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. A culture is composed of individuals who share a set of values, beliefs, and practices that serve as a frame of reference for individual perception and judgments. Ethnicity is an affiliation of a set of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage. Superiority is the state or quality of being superior; it does not include ethnicity.
The Vietnamese mother of a child being seen in the clinic avoids eye contact with the nurse. Considering cultural differences, the best explanation for this is that the parent:
a. Feels responsible for her child’s illness.
b. Feels inferior to nurse.
c. Is embarrassed to seek health care.
d. Is showing respect for nurse.
ANS: D
In some ethnic groups eye contact is avoided. In the Vietnamese culture an individual may not look directly into the nurse’s eyes as a sign of respect. The nurse providing culturally competent care would recognize that the mother does not feel responsible for her child’s illness, she does not feel inferior to the nurse, and she is not embarrassed to seek health care as reasons for the mother to avoid eye contact with the nurse.
Health beliefs vary among the cultural groups living in the United States. The belief that health is “a state of harmony with nature and the universe” is common in which culture?
a. Japanese c. Native American
b. African-American d. Hispanic American
ANS: C
Many cultures ascribe attributes of health to natural forces. Many individuals of the Native American culture view health as a state of harmony with nature and the universe. This belief is not consistent with Japanese, African-American, or Hispanic American cultural groups.
A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items such as Jell-O, Popsicles, and juices are left. What would best explain this?
a. The parent is trying to feed child only what child likes most.
b. The parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate “hot” remedies.
c. Hispanics believe that the “evil eye” enters when a person gets cold.
d. Hispanics believe that an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup.
ANS: B
In several groups, including Filipino, Chinese, Arabic, and Hispanic cultures, hot and cold describe certain properties completely unrelated to temperature. Respiratory conditions such as pneumonia are “cold” conditions and are treated with “hot” foods.
This may be true, but it is unlikely that a toddler would consistently prefer the broth to Jell-O, Popsicles, and juice. The evil eye applies to a state of imbalance of health, not curative actions. Chinese individuals believe in chi as an innate energy.
The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child during a home health visit. The child’s mother says that she has rubbed the edge of a coin on her child’s oiled skin. The nurse should recognize that this is:
a. Child abuse.
b. A cultural practice to rid the body of disease.
c. A cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums.
d. A child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture.
ANS: B
A cultural practice to rid the body of disease is descriptive of coining. The welts are created by repeatedly rubbing a coin on the child’s oiled skin. The mother is attempting to rid the child’s body of disease. The mother was engaged in an attempt to heal the child. This behavior is not child abuse, a cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums, or a disciplinary measure.
The father of a hospitalized child tells the nurse, “He can’t have meat. We are Buddhist and vegetarians.” The nurse’s best intervention is to:
a. Order the child a meatless tray.
b. Ask a Buddhist priest to visit.
c. Explain that hospital patients are exempt from dietary rules.
d. Help the parent understand that meat provides protein needed for healing.
ANS: A
It is essential for the nurse to respect the religious practices of the child and family. The nurse should arrange a dietary consultation to ensure that nutritionally complete vegetarian meals are prepared by the hospital kitchen. The nurse should be able to arrange for a vegetarian tray. The nurse should not encourage the child and parent to go against their religious beliefs. Nutritionally complete, acceptable vegetarian meals should be provided.
In which cultural group is good health considered to be a balance between yin and yang?
a. Asians c. Native Americans
b. Australian aborigines d. African-Americans
ANS: A
In Chinese health beliefs, the forces termed yin and yang must be kept in balance to maintain health. This belief is not consistent with Australian aborigines, Native Americans, or African-Americans
A young child from Mexico is hospitalized for a serious illness. The father tells the nurse that “the child is being punished by God for being bad.” The nurse should recognize this as:
a. A health belief common in this culture.
b. An early indication of potential child abuse.
c. A misunderstanding of the family’s common beliefs.
d. A belief common when fortune tellers have been used.
ANS: A
A common health belief in the Mexican-American cultural group is that health is controlled by the environment, fate, and the will of God. This comment has no relation to child abuse. The father would not misunderstand the family’s beliefs. This is a cultural belief. Mexicans may use the services of curanderos (healers), not fortune tellers.
Children are taught the values of their culture through observation and feedback relative to their own behavior. In teaching a class on cultural competence, the nurse should be aware that which factor(s) may be culturally determined (Select all that apply)?
a. Degree of competition
b. Racial variation
c. Determination of status
d. Social roles
e. Geographic boundaries
ANS: A, C, D
Each of these factors is determined by the assumptions, beliefs, and practices of the members of the culture. In cultures that value individual resourcefulness, competition would be acceptable. Status is culturally determined and varies according to each culture. Some ascribe higher status to age or socioeconomic status. Social roles also are influenced by the culture. Race and culture are two distinct attributes. The racial grouping describes transmissible traits, whereas the culture is determined by the pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices that unconsciously frames or guides the outlook and decisions of a group of people. Cultural development may be limited by geographic boundaries. It is not the boundaries that are culturally determined.
