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Dental Anatomy > Permanent Mandibular Premolars > Flashcards

Permanent Mandibular Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

how many lobes are the mandibular first and second premolars derived from?

A
  • first premolars - 4 lobes
  • second premolars - 5 lobes; 3 buccal, 2 lingual
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2
Q

the mandibular first premolar has a long, well formed ____ cusp, and a small ____ lingual cusp

A

buccal, nonfunctioning

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3
Q

the mandibular first premolar resembles a ___ since only the buccal cusp is in ____

A

canine, occlusion

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4
Q

which of the two mandibular premolars is smaller?

A

the first premolar; this is opposite of the maxillary premolars

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5
Q

the second mandibular premolar has ___ well formed cusps; one large ___ cusp and two smaller ___ cusps

A
  • 3
  • buccal
  • lingual
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6
Q

the mandibular second premolar is more like a small molar due to the _____

A

high horizontal marginal ridges

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7
Q

T or F:
the mandibular first and second premolars are true bicuspids

A

false

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8
Q

how does the mandibular first premolar resemble a canine?

A
  • long sharp buccal cusp, only one in occlusion
  • buccolingual measurement is smaller
  • occlusal surface slopes lingually in cervical direction
  • mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than the distobuccal
  • outline form of the occlusal resembles the canine
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9
Q

how does the mandibular first premolar resembe the second premolar?

A
  • outline of crown and root from buccal are similar except for longer cusp
  • mesial and distal contact areas are nearly the same level
  • cervical line curvatures mesial and distal are similar
  • tooth has more than one cusp
  • *root of the first premolar is usually shorter than the second*
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10
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, form is nearly symmetrical ____

A

bilaterally

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11
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, ___ lobe is well developed with large pointed ___

A

middle, cusp

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12
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, ___ contact areas at nearly the same level

A

broad

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13
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the shape is ____

A

trapezoidal

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14
Q

from from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the cervical line has ____ curvature

A

very little

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15
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the mesial outline is straight above the _____, and may show slight ____ to contact

A

cervical, concavity

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16
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the tip of the ___ cusp is pointed and just ___ to center of crown

A

buccal, mesial

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17
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the distal outline has slight ___ above the cervical line to contact area

A

concavity

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18
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the root is usually 3-4mm ___ than the mandibular canine

A

shorter

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19
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the buccal surface is more ___ than maxillary premolars

A

convex

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20
Q

T or F:

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, you cannot see developmental depressions between the three lobes

A

false:

you can see developmental depressions between the 3 lobes

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21
Q

from the buccal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, a ___ ridge is present from cusp to cervical margin

A

buccal

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22
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, crown tapers toward the ___

A

lingual

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23
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, lingual cusp is ___

A

small

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24
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, it resembles a ___

A

canine

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25
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, mesial and distal surfaces can be seen due to ____

A

the taper to the lingual

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26
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, occlusal surface slopes to the ____ to the short lingual cusp

A
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27
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, most of the ____ surface can be seen

A

occlusal

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28
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, cervical part of the crown is ___, ___, and concavities are seen between ___ and ____

A
  • narrow
  • convex
  • contacts
  • cervical line
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29
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, contact areas and ____ are prominent and extend past _____

A
  • marginal ridges
  • narrow cervix
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30
Q

from the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, lingual cusp, though small, is ___ and ___, and is in line with the _______ with mesial and distal _____ present on either side of the ridge

A
  • sharp and pointed
  • buccal triangular ridge
  • occlusal fossae
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31
Q

describe the mesiolingual developmental groove of the lingual aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars

A
  • boundary of the mesiobuccal lobe and the lingual lobe
  • extends into the mesial fossa on the occlusal surface
  • helps determine left from right
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32
Q

from the mesial aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the shape of the outline is ___

A

rhomboidal

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33
Q

from the mesial aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the tip of the buccal cusp is nearly ____ over the root

A

centered

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34
Q

from the mesial aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the convexity of the ____ outline extends past the root trunk

A

lingual

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35
Q

from the mesial aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the convexity of the ____ outline goes from cervical line with the crest near the _____

A
  • buccal
  • middle 1/3
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36
Q

from the mesial aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, the crest on the lingual is near the ___ and may be in line with ____

A
  • middle 1/3
  • lingual border of root
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37
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, distal marginal ridge is ___ than mesial with ___ lingual slope and may be at right angles to the ____

A
  • higher
  • less
  • crown and root
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38
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, most of the surface of the crown is ___, smooth with unbroken curve

A

convex

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39
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, distal contact area is ____ than the mesial

A

broader

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40
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, curvature of the cervical line is ___ as the mesial

A

about the same

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41
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, surface of the root is more ___ than the mesial

A

convex

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42
Q

from the distal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, distal surface slopes ____ toward the lingual than the mesial

A

more gradually

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43
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the 1st mandibular premolars, most common shape is ____. other shape is ___

A
  • diamond; this is similar to the mandibular canine
  • circular
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44
Q

T or F:

some 1st mandibular premolars will be like mandibular 2nd premolars from the occlusal aspect

A

true

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45
Q

T or F:

the mandibular 2nd premolar resembles the 1st premolar from the lingual view

A

false:

they resemble each other only from the buccal view

46
Q

what are the differences between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars?

A

2nd premolar is…

  • less pronounced buccal cusp
  • larger and better developed
47
Q

what are the 2 common forms of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

A
  • 3-cusp (more angular)
  • 2-cusp
48
Q

the mandibular 2nd premolar has a single root that is ___ and ___ than the 1st premolars root

A

larger and longer

49
Q

T or F:

you may see a deep developmental groove lingually on the mandibular 2nd premolar

A

false:

deep developmental groove is on the buccal surface

50
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the crown and root are ___ bucco-lingually than the 1st premolar

A

wider

51
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the buccal cusp is not so centered over root and is ____ than the 1st premolar

A

shorter

52
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, there is a ____ lingual lobe development when compared to the 1st premolar

A

greater

53
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the marginal ridges are at ____ to long axis of the tooth

A

right angles

54
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, you will see ____ occlusal surface when compared to the 1st premolar

A

less

55
Q

is there a mesiolingual developmental groove seen from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

A

no

56
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the root is ___, with a slight ___ on mesial surface when compared tothe 1st premolar

A
  • longer
  • convexity
57
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the apex is more ___ when compared to the 1st premolar

A

blunt

58
Q

from the distal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, it is similar to mesial except ___ of the occlusal surface can be seen

A

more

59
Q

from the distal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, marginal ridge is at a ___ level than the mesial

A

lower

60
Q

crowns of all posterior teeth dip ___ as part of the ____

A
  • distally
  • curve of spee
61
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, 3-cusp type appears more ___ from lingual to buccal cusp ridges, and the 2-cusp type appears more ___

A
  • square
  • round
62
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the buccal cusp is the largest, followed by the ___ and ___

A
  • mesio-lingual
  • disto-lingual
63
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, triangular ridges converge in a central pit and is ___ shaped

A

Y

64
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the central pit is located midway between the ___ and the ____

A
  • buccal cusp ridge
  • lingual margin of the occlusal surface
65
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, mesial developmental groove goes ____ and ends in ___

A
  • mesiobuccally
  • mesial triangular fossa
66
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the distal developmental groove goes ___ and is ___

A
  • disto-buccally
  • shorter
67
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the mesiolingual cusp is ___ mesiodistally than distolingual cusp, so that the lingual developmental groove is ___ to the center of the crown

A
  • wider
  • distal
68
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, will see ____ radiating from developmental grooves

A

supplemental grooves

69
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, on occasion, a groove may cross over a ____

A

marginal ridge

70
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the outline is ___ lingual to the buccal cusp ridges

A

round

71
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, mesiolingual and distolingual line angles are ____

A

rounded

72
Q

from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, there is ___ well-develped lingual cusp opposite to the buccal cusp

A

one

73
Q

describe the central developmental groove of the mandibular 2nd premolar

A
  • straight
  • crescent shape
  • ends are mesial and distal fossae
  • may have developmental pits in these terminations
  • may have a developmental depression crossing the distolingual cusp ridge
74
Q

the pulp cavity of the mandibular 1st premolar is similar to the ____ with usually ___ canal

A
  • mandibular canine
  • one
75
Q

1st premolar may have prominent pulp horn on ____

A

buccal

76
Q

1st premolar has ___ pulp chamber

A

large

77
Q

2nd premolar has ___ pulp chamber than the 1st premolar

A

larger

78
Q

2nd premolar has ___ prominent pulp horns than the 1st premolar

A

more

79
Q

pulp chambers of 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars are similar from what aspect?

A

mesio-distal

80
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, the distance from cervical line to lingual root is about ___ that of the buccal root

A

2/3

81
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, describe the mesiobuccal lobe development

A

it is prominent with a prominent marginal ridge

82
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, is a mesiolingual developmental groove seen?

A

yes

83
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, which ridge parallels the marginal ridge?

A

triangular ridge

84
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, the cervical line curves ___ by about 1mm, or it may be ___

A
  • occlusally
  • straight across
85
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, the surface is smooth except for the ____

A

developmental groove

86
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, what is just below the contact area?

A

there is a concave area going to the cervical line

87
Q

from the mesial aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar, the mesial surface of the root is smooth from ___ to the ___. a developmental groove or even a shallow depression may end in a ___

A
  • buccal
  • center
  • bifurcation at the apical 1/3
88
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

____ is most of the bulk of the tooth

A

middle buccal lobe

89
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

___ buccal ridge

A

prominent

90
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

rounded, yet prominent, ___ and ___ line angles

A

mesiobuccal and distobuccal

91
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

broad contact areas just lingual to ___ line angles, with ___ contact area being broadest

A
  • buccal
  • distal
92
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

crown converges from contact area rapidly to ___

A

lingual

93
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

well developed ___ ridges

A

marginal

94
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

ligual cusp is ___

A

small

95
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

buccal triangular ridge on occlusal is ___, lingual triangular ridge is ___

A
  • heavy
  • small
96
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

two depressions on occlusal surface are the ___ and ___

A

mesial and distal fossae

97
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

most forms have a ___ which makes the mesial contact area small so that it contacts with canine

A

mesiolingual developmental depression groove

98
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

mesial fossa is ___ in form from which the mesial developmental groove goes ___

A
  • linear
  • buccolingually
99
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

distal fossa is ___ in form and may have a distal developmental groove that is ___ shaped

A
  • circular
  • crescent
100
Q

characteristics common to mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars:

most of the buccal surface can be seen from the ___ view

A

occlusal

101
Q

from the buccal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the ___ cusp is shorter compared to the 1st premolar

A

buccal

102
Q

from the buccal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the buccal cusp shows ___ angulation than the 1st premolar

A

less

103
Q

from the buccal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, contact areas appear ___ due to ___

A
  • higher
  • shorter cusp
104
Q

from the buccal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the root is ___ mesiodistal than the 1st premolar

A

broader

105
Q

from the buccal aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the apex of the root is more ___ than the 1st premolar

A

blunt

106
Q

from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, lingual lobes have ___ development, and the cusps are ___

A
  • more
  • longer
107
Q

from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, more or less of the occlusal surface can be seen compared to the 1st premolar?

A

less occlusal surface is seen in the 2nd premolar

108
Q

from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, in the 3-cusp type, which cusps are seen? which is the largest/longest of the two that are visible?

A
  • mesiolingual and distolingual cusps
  • mesiolingual is largest/longest
109
Q

from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, in the 2-cusp type, the ___ cusp is as long as the 3-cusp type and may show a ___ where the lingual cusp ridge joins the ___

A
  • lingual
  • developmental depression
  • distal marginal ridge
110
Q

from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar, the root is wide, but not as wide as the ___ portion, and has ___ lingual convergence than the 1st premolar

A
  • buccal
  • less

Dental Anatomy (11 decks)

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