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Anatomy > Peritoneum & GI Tract > Flashcards

Peritoneum & GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

parietal peritoneum pain?

A
  • sensitive to pressure, laceration, temp
  • pain well localized
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2
Q

visceral peritoneum pain?

A
  • sensitive to stretching and chemical irritation
  • pain poorly localized and referred to dermatomes
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3
Q

mesothelium

A

serous membrane of the peritoneum

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4
Q

peritoneum innervation
parietal?
visceral?

A

parietal - somatic innervation
visceral - visceral innervation

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5
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

potential space between parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum

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6
Q

pneumoperitoneum

A

air in the peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

CC: where do uterine tubes open into in females? What does this cause?

A

uterine tubes open into the peritoneal cavity

makes a path for ascending infection

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8
Q

gravity dependent recesses of the greater sac

A
  • hepatorenal recess
  • recto-uterine pouch (females)
  • rectovesical pouch (males)
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9
Q

mesentery

A

extension of peritoneum that connects an organ to body wall, has neurovasculature & lymphatics

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10
Q

ligament

A

extension of peritoneum that connects organs to other organs or the body wall

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11
Q

what travels within the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

portal triad

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12
Q

what makes up the portal triad?

A

bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery

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13
Q

functions of greater omentum

A

insulation, cushion, wall off inflammatory processes

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14
Q

what covers intraperitoneal organs?

A

visceral peritoneum

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15
Q

what covers extraperitoneal organs?

A

parietal peritoneum (partly)

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16
Q

embryologic origin foregut

A

esophagus through mid duodenum

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17
Q

embryologic origin midgut

A

mid duodenum through proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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18
Q

embryologic origin hindgut

A

distal 1/3 transverse colon through anus

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19
Q

arterial supply foregut

A

celiac trunk

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20
Q

arterial supply midgut

A

SMA

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21
Q

arterial supply hindgut

22
Q

what flows into the caval system?

A

lower rectum & anal canal into IVC

23
Q

parasympathetics foregut & midgut?

A

vagus nerves (CN X)

24
Q

parasympathetics hindgut?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

25
Q

fiber types of the parasympathetics of the GI tract?

A

pre-synaptic fibers synapse with post-synaptic fibers at the target organ

26
Q

what does parasympathetic innervation in the GI tract do?

A
  • stimulates peristalsis
  • relaxes sphincters
  • stimulates secretion of digestive juices
27
Q

sympathetic innervation of the foregut & midgut?

A

thoracic splanchnic nn. (T5-T12)

28
Q

sympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

lumbar splanchnic nn. (L1-L2)

29
Q

what does sympathetic innervation do in the GI tract?

A
  • inhibit peristalsis & constrict sphincters
  • constrict blood vessels to GI tract
30
Q

where do splanchnic nerves synapse in the GI tract?

A

pre-aortic ganglia (pre vertebral ganglia) = celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal, & inferior mesenteric ganglia

31
Q

where do post-synaptic fibers of most of the GI tract travel?

A

peri-arterial plexuses to the end organ

32
Q

cord levels for the visceral afferent pain fibers of most of the GI tract?

33
Q

cord levels for visceral afferent pain fibers for midsigmoid colon through pectinate line of anal canal?

34
Q

where are somatic afferent pain fibers in the GI tract? Cord levels?

A

anal canal below the pectinate line, S2-S4

35
Q

what does the inferior rectal n supply?

A

somatic afferent pain fibers below the pectinate line (S2-S4)

36
Q

vertebral level of umbilicus?

37
Q

what is the path for lymph in the GI tract starting with nodes adjacent to an organ?

A

node adjacent organ –> pre aortic lymph node (celiac, SM, IM), –> intestinal lymphatic trunk –> cisterna chyli –> thoracic duct

38
Q

CC: what causes GERD?

A

relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter

39
Q

arterial supply esophagus?

A

left gastric a

40
Q

venous drainage esophagus?

A

portal: L gastric V –> hepatic portal v
caval: esophageal vv –> azygous v.

41
Q

rugae

A

longitudinal mucosal folds in stomach

42
Q

what is the most common site of a gastric ulcer of the stomach?

A

along lesser curve

43
Q

clinical correlation for the stomach?

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

44
Q

arterial supply stomach?

A

celiac trunk

45
Q

folds within the small intestine are called/

A

plica circularis

46
Q

what are the functions of the small intestine?

A
  • nutrient absorption
  • enterohepatic circulation of bile acids
  • GI hormone production
  • immune function
47
Q

what is the only intraperitoneal part of the duodenum?

A

ampulla (bulb)

48
Q

where is the major duodenal papilla? what drains into it?

A

2nd part of the duodenum

biliary ducts & pancreatic ducts

49
Q

what is the embryologic origin of the duodenum?

A

foregut & midgut

50
Q

why can gallstones erode into the duodenum?

A

because the gallbladder is anterior to the duodenal bulb (ampulla)

51
Q

what is the source of hemorrhage with

Anatomy (20 decks)

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