Peritoneum

Question 1

Define Peritoneum

Answer 1

Continuous transparent serous membrane

• lines abdominopelvic cavity
• invests the viscera

Question 2

What are two layers of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

Parietal Peritoneum and Visceral Peritoneum

Question 3

Parietal Peritoneum

• location
• function
• sensitive

Answer 3

• line the body wall
• supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the region of the wall it lines
• sensitive to pressure pain, temperature

Question 4

Visceral Peritoneum

• location
• function
• sensitive

Answer 4

• covers the organs
• supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the organ
• sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation

Question 5

Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal

Answer 5

Intraperitoneal: most completely covered with visceral peritoneum

Retroperitoneal: outside the peritoneal cavity and are only partially covered with peritoneum

Question 6

Ventral Mesentery

Answer 6

Liver

Question 7

Dorsal Mesentery

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Lesser Omentum (2)

Answer 8

• hepatoduodenal ligament

- hepatogastric ligament

Question 9

Peritoneum ligaments (5)

Answer 9

• Falciform Ligament
• Splenorenal Ligament
• Phrenicocolic Ligament
• Lesser Omentum
• Greater Omentum

Question 10

Greater Omentum (3)

Answer 10

• Gastrophrenic ligament
• Gastrosplenic ligament
• gastrocolic ligament

Question 11

Lesser Sac

• nickname
• function
• boundaries

Answer 11

aka Omental Bursa

Communicates with greater sac via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen)

Boundaries of epiploic foramen

• anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament and portal triad
• posterior: inferior vena cava and Rt. crus of diaphragm
• superior: caudate lobe of live
• inferior: 1st part of duodenum

Question 12

Colon Parts (4)

Answer 12

• Transverse Mesocolon
• The Mesentery
• Root of the Mesentery
• Sigmoid Mesocolon

Question 13

Anterior Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 13

Lesser Omentum, Stomach, and gastrocolic ligament

Question 14

Posterior Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 14

Pancreas, Left suprarenal gland, left kidney , aorta, IVC, splenic a & v

Question 15

Superior Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 15

Liver, diaphragm

Question 16

Inferior Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 16

Transverse mesocolon, 1st part of duodenum

Question 17

Left Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 17

hilum of spleen , gastrosplenic ligament

Question 18

Right Relationship of Lesser Sac

Answer 18

Epiploic foramen open into greater sac

Question 19

Transverse mesocolon divides cavity into: (2)

- how do they communicate?

Answer 19

1) Supracolic compartment: stomach, liver, spleen
2) Infracolic compartment : SI, ascending and descending colon

• free communication between compartments via the paracolic gutters

Question 20

Peritonitis

Answer 20

infection in peritoneal cavity

• can occur from rupture of infected organ or from external wound
• localization of infections can lead to abscesses

Question 21

Ascites

Answer 21

excess fluid in peritoneal cavity

Question 22

Drainage (Paracentesis)

Answer 22

• most inferior point is rectouterine pouch
• drainage of abscesses is possible without causing generalized peritonitis
• paracentesis- drainage of large volumes of blood or serous fluid that accumulate in cavity

Question 23

Parts of Pancreas

Answer 23

1) Head
- Uncinate process
2) Neck
3) Body
4) Tail

Question 24

Anterior Relationship of Pancreas

Answer 24

lesser sac and stomach

Question 25

Posterior Relationship of Pancreas

Answer 25

Aorta, IVC, splenic vein, bile duct, right crus of diaphragm, left kidney and vessels, left suprarenal gland, SMA, SMV

Question 26

Right Relationship of Pancreas

Answer 26

2nd part of duodenum

Question 27

Left Relationship of Pancreas

Answer 27

Spleen, Tail is intraperitoneal

Question 28

Inferior Relationship of Pancreas

Answer 28

3rd part of duodenum