Peritoneum Flashcards
Define Peritoneum
Continuous transparent serous membrane
- lines abdominopelvic cavity
- invests the viscera
What are two layers of the peritoneum?
Parietal Peritoneum and Visceral Peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum
- location
- function
- sensitive
- line the body wall
- supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the region of the wall it lines
- sensitive to pressure pain, temperature
Visceral Peritoneum
- location
- function
- sensitive
- covers the organs
- supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the organ
- sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation
Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal: most completely covered with visceral peritoneum
Retroperitoneal: outside the peritoneal cavity and are only partially covered with peritoneum
Ventral Mesentery
Liver
Dorsal Mesentery
Stomach
Lesser Omentum (2)
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- hepatogastric ligament
Peritoneum ligaments (5)
- Falciform Ligament
- Splenorenal Ligament
- Phrenicocolic Ligament
- Lesser Omentum
- Greater Omentum
Greater Omentum (3)
- Gastrophrenic ligament
- Gastrosplenic ligament
- gastrocolic ligament
Lesser Sac
- nickname
- function
- boundaries
aka Omental Bursa
Communicates with greater sac via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen)
Boundaries of epiploic foramen
- anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament and portal triad
- posterior: inferior vena cava and Rt. crus of diaphragm
- superior: caudate lobe of live
- inferior: 1st part of duodenum
Colon Parts (4)
- Transverse Mesocolon
- The Mesentery
- Root of the Mesentery
- Sigmoid Mesocolon
Anterior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Lesser Omentum, Stomach, and gastrocolic ligament
Posterior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Pancreas, Left suprarenal gland, left kidney , aorta, IVC, splenic a & v
Superior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Liver, diaphragm
Inferior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Transverse mesocolon, 1st part of duodenum
Left Relationship of Lesser Sac
hilum of spleen , gastrosplenic ligament
Right Relationship of Lesser Sac
Epiploic foramen open into greater sac
Transverse mesocolon divides cavity into: (2)
- how do they communicate?
1) Supracolic compartment: stomach, liver, spleen
2) Infracolic compartment : SI, ascending and descending colon
- free communication between compartments via the paracolic gutters
Peritonitis
infection in peritoneal cavity
- can occur from rupture of infected organ or from external wound
- localization of infections can lead to abscesses
Ascites
excess fluid in peritoneal cavity
Drainage (Paracentesis)
- most inferior point is rectouterine pouch
- drainage of abscesses is possible without causing generalized peritonitis
- paracentesis- drainage of large volumes of blood or serous fluid that accumulate in cavity
Parts of Pancreas
1) Head
- Uncinate process
2) Neck
3) Body
4) Tail
Anterior Relationship of Pancreas
lesser sac and stomach
Posterior Relationship of Pancreas
Aorta, IVC, splenic vein, bile duct, right crus of diaphragm, left kidney and vessels, left suprarenal gland, SMA, SMV
Right Relationship of Pancreas
2nd part of duodenum
Left Relationship of Pancreas
Spleen, Tail is intraperitoneal
Inferior Relationship of Pancreas
3rd part of duodenum
