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Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy > Peritoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

a thin transparent serous membrane lining abdominopelvic cavity and clothing the viscera

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2
Q

Describe the layers of the peritoneum?

A
  1. parietal - lines abdominal wall

2. visceral - closely covers viscera

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3
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum filled with peritoneal fluid

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4
Q

Function of peritoneal fluid?

A

the serous fluid lubricates peritoneal surfaces - facilitates free movement between viscera

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5
Q

What is extraperitoneal tissue?

A

layers of connective tissue between parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall - has fat

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6
Q

Where is the abdominopelvic cavity located?

A

between thoracic diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm

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7
Q

What are the 2 transverse planes?

A
  1. subcostal - passing through the inferior limits of the costal margin : 10th costal cartilages 2. transtubercular plane - passes through the iliac tubercles
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8
Q

What are the 2 vertical planes?

A

midclavicular planes

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9
Q

What are the 6 regions the cavity is divided into by the planes?

A
  1. right and left hypochondriac 2. epigastric 3. umblical 4. pubic 5. right and left lumbar 6. right and left inguinal
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10
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A
  1. Part of Duodenum 2. ascending colon 3. descending colon 4. pancreas 5. kidneys 6. ureters 7. IVC 8. aorta
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11
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A
  1. stomach 2. spleen 3. jejunum
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12
Q

Describe the peritoneal cavity in males?

A

closed

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13
Q

Describe the peritoneal cavity in females?

A

peritoneal cavity communicates with exterior through uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

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14
Q

Describe the greater sac?

A

the main peritoneal cavity - surgical incision through anterior abdominal wall enters this sac

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15
Q

Describe the lesser sac?

A

recess posterior to the stomach

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16
Q

What is the omental foramen? (foramen of Winslow)

A

links greater and lesser sacs

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17
Q

What are the boundaries of the foramen of Winslow?

A
  1. anterior - free border of lesser omentum 2. posteriorly - inferior vena cava 3. superiorly - caudate process of caudate lobe 4. inferiorly - first part of duodenum
18
Q

What are the types of peritoneal folds?

A
  1. mesentery 2. omentum 3. ligament
19
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

2 layered fold of peritoneum that attaches intestines to posterior abdominal wall e.g. mesentry of small intestines

20
Q

Function of mesentery?

A

permit an intestine to be free and mobile

21
Q

What is an omentum?

A

a 2 layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to another viscus e.g. greater omentum, lesser omentum, & gastrosplenic omentum (ligament)

22
Q

What are peritoneal ligaments?

A

2 layered folds of peritoneum that attach viscera to another (usually less mobile) viscera or to abdominal wall e.g. falciform ligament of liver

23
Q

Function of ligament?

A

restricts mobility by attaching a viscus to another viscus (usually less mobile viscus) or wall

24
Q

What is the peritoneal recess or fossa?

A

a pouch of peritoneum that is formed by a peritoneal fold e.g. the inferior recess of the omental bursa between the layers of the greater omentum

25
Q

What are paracolic gutters?

A

arrangement of ascending & descending colon, attachments of trans. Colon and mesentery of small intestines to posterior abdominal wall – results in formation of 4 gutters : 2 meadial and 2 lateral to ascending and descending colons

26
Q

What is the function of gutters?

A

form communication pathway between abdominal cavity compartments

27
Q

Describe the right medial paracolic gutter?

A

closed off from pelvic cavity by small intestine mesentery

28
Q

Describe the left lateral paracolic gutter?

A

closed from subphrenic region by phrenicocolic ligament (fold of peritoneum)

29
Q

What are the functions of the greater omentum?

A
  1. stores fat 2. cushions viscera 3. supports lymph nodes 4. protects against spread ofinfections - can compartmentalize inflamed area e.g. in appendicitis
30
Q

Describe the dorsal mesentry?

A
  1. supports GIT 2. gives small intestine freedom for peristaltic movement 3. provides structure through which intestinal nerves & vessels traverse
31
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

mesentry of transverse colon

32
Q

What is the mesoappendix?

A

mesentry supporting appendix and its vessels

33
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A
  1. extension of parietal peritoneum reinforced with connective tissue 2. attaches liver to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall
34
Q

Describe the lesser omentum?

A

passes from lesser curvature of stomach & upper duodenum to inferior surface of liver ( hepatoduodenal & hepatogastric)

35
Q

Describe the greater omentum?

A
  1. extends from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon 2. forms an apron like structure over most of small intestines
36
Q

The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to?

A
  1. pain 2. touch 2. pressure 4. temperature
37
Q

Describe the innervation of the parietal peritoneum?

A
  1. Lateral & anterior wall parts (same nerves as overlying muscles) – thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7 –T12 + L1) 2. Central parts (diaphragmatic)- phrenic nerves 3. Peripheral diaphragmatic - T7 – T12 4. Pelvis - obturator nerve
38
Q

The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to?

A

stretch

39
Q

The visceral perironeum is supplied by?

A

autonomic afferent nerves

40
Q

What are the functions of peritoneum?

A
  1. Ensures that mobile viscera glide easily upon each other – (peritoneal fluid – lubricant) 2. Defense against infection - Peritoneum coverings of intestines tend to stick together in the face of infections (to seal off infection) 3. Peritoneal folds serve an important role in suspending viscera & serve as a means to convey neurovascular structures to the viscus 4. Storage of fats - Large amount of fat are stored in the peritoneal folds - esp. greater omentum
41
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs

Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy (7 decks)

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