Histology of Esophagus and Stomach

Question 1

Function of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

1. mechanical breakdown 2. formation of bolus

Question 2

Function of the oesophagus?

Answer 2

conduit from mouth to stomach

Question 3

Function of stomach?

Answer 3

1. digestion 2. temporary storage

Question 4

Function of intestine?

Answer 4

1. digestion 2. absorption

Question 5

Function of the colon?

Answer 5

1. temporary storage 2. absorption

Question 6

Describe the mucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 6

very folded

Question 7

Describe the epithelium of the mucosa?

Answer 7

stratified squamous non-keratinized

Question 8

Describe the lamina propria of the mucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 8

nodular lymphatic tissue with oesophageal cardiac glands

Question 9

Describe the muscalaris mucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 9

thick single layer of smooth miuscle

Question 10

Describe the submucosa of the esophagus?

Answer 10

• dense irregular connective tissue
• deep oesophageal mucous glands
• diffuse and nodular lymphatic tissue

Question 11

Describe the muscularis externa?

Answer 11

1. proximal 1/3 - skeletal 2. middle 1/3 - skeletal + smooth 3. distal 1/3 - smooth

Question 12

Describe the adventitia?

Answer 12

outermost layer of connective tissue attached to nearby structures that keeps esophagus in a fixed position

Question 13

What is the serosa?

Answer 13

last 1-2 cm of esophagus within the abdominal cavity - covered by simple squamous epithelium or mesothelium

Question 14

What is Barettes esophagus?

Answer 14

Condition where stratified squamous epithelium of distal part changes to simple columnar epithelium

Question 15

Cause of Barettes esophagus?

Answer 15

extensive gastroesophageal reflux

Question 16

Consequences of Barettes esophagus?

Answer 16

high risk of developing adenocarcinomas

Question 17

Describe the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 17

• rugae and mamillated areas
• gastric pits
• glands

Question 18

Function of gastric rugae?

Answer 18

to permit stomach distention

Question 19

Describe the epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 19

have surface mucous cells

Question 20

Describe the lamina propria of the mucosa?

Answer 20

1. areas around gastric pits and glands 2. smooth muscle cells

Question 21

Describe the muscalaris mucosa?

Answer 21

is thin

Question 22

What are the glands of the gastric mucosa?

Answer 22

1. cardiac glands 2. pyloric glands 3. fundic glands

Question 23

Describe cardiac glands?

Answer 23

1. simple tubular glands that are tortuous and occasionally branched 2. secrete mucous

Question 24

Describe pyloric glands?

Answer 24

1. highly branched, coiled tubular glands 2. secrete mucous

Question 25

Describe fundic glands?

Answer 25

1. simple , branched and tubular 2. produce gastric juice

Question 26

What are the 4 main cell types in fundic glands?

Answer 26

1. mucus neck cells 2. chief cells 3. parietal cells 4. enteroendocrine cells

Question 27

Describe the mucous neck cells?

Answer 27

1. secrete mucous 2. localized in the neck region

Question 28

Descibe chief cells?

Answer 28

1. secrete pepsinogen 2. located in depper part of gastric gland

Question 29

Describe parietal cells?

Answer 29

1. secrete hydrochloric acid 2. large triangular/circular cells 3. sometimes binucleate cells, euchromatic centrally located nucleus 4. Numerous microvilli

Question 30

Describe enteroendocrine cells?

Answer 30

secrete gastrin e.g. G cells