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CTO Quiz 3 > PeripheralBlood_FlashCards > Flashcards

PeripheralBlood_FlashCards

1
Q

Blood

A

connective tissue containing cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) within plasma (extracellular component)

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2
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of blood volume represented by centrifuged RBCs

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3
Q

Buffy coat

A

comprised of leukocytes and platelets

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4
Q

Composition of blood plasma

A

water (91-92%), protein - albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, etc. (7-8%), other solutes - electrolytes, nonprotein nitrogenous substances, nutrients, blood gasses, regulatory substances (1-2%)

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5
Q

Normal plasma values: Hematocrit

A

35-49%

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6
Q

Normal plasma values: Hemoglobin

A

13.5-17.5 gm/100 ml (dL)

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7
Q

Normal plasma values: Na+

A

135-145 mEq/L

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8
Q

Normal plasma values: K+

A

3.5-5.1 mEq/L

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9
Q

Normal plasma values: HCO3-

A

22-29 mEq/L

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10
Q

Normal plasma values: Cl-

A

98-106 mEq/L

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11
Q

Normal plasma values: Ca2+

A

8.4-10.2 mg/100 ml (dL)

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12
Q

Normal plasma values: fasting glucose

A

75-115 mg/100 ml (dL)

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13
Q

Cells in blood

A

erythrocytes, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes), eosinophils, basophils

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14
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Erythrocytes

A

7-8 microns; 4.3-5.7x10^6 (M); 3.9-5.0x10^6 (F)

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15
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Leukocytes

A

4-10x10^3

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16
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Neutrophils

A

12-15 microns; 50-70%

17
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Eosinophils

A

12-15 microns; 2-5%

18
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Basophils

A

12-15 microns; 0-1%

19
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Lymphocytes

A

6-18 microns; 20-30%

20
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Monocytes

A

12-20 microns; 3-8%

21
Q

Size & Number/microliter: Platelets

A

2-3 microns; 150-450x10^3

22
Q

Erythrocytes:

A

most common type of blood cell; bi-concave disc (greatest surface area for the enclosed volume and allows max. # Hb molecules to be as close as possible to cell membrane) -> enhances gaseous (O2 and CO2) exchange

23
Q

Erythrocytes: shape

A

biconcave disc w/o nucleus & few organelles; change of shape mediated by peripheral membrane proteins (spectrin, actin) on cytoplasmic side of cell membrane, allows diapedesis

24
Q

Diapedesis

A

outward passage of blood cells through intanct capillary walls into surrounding tissue; rolling->adhesion to endothelial cells -> extravasation through blood vessel wall and into tissue

25
Q

Reticulocytes

A

final stage of red cell maturation; can view brilliant cresyl blue stain clumped disintegrating polyribosomes

26
Q

Leukocytes: Granulocytes

A

contain azurophilic & specific granules: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

27
Q

Leukocytes: Agranulocytes

A

contain azurophilic but NO specific granules: lymphocytes, monocytes

28
Q

Neutrophils

A

most abundant type of WBCs, granulocyte; innate immune system; phagocytose bacteria; activated by inflammation; secrete TNF-alpha and IL-1; drumstick shape = inactivated X chromosome in females

29
Q

Eosinophils

A

granulocyte; combat multicellular parasites & infections; bilobed nucleus w/ red-staining granules in cytoplasm containing major basic protein (granules have cat eye appearance)

30
Q

Major basic protein

A

specific granule of eosinophils; potent enzyme agains helminths and is toxic against bacteria and mammalian cells in vitro; causes release of histamine from mast cells & basophils, activates neutrophils and alveolar macrophages; directly implicated in epithelial damage, exfoliation and bronchospasm in asthma

31
Q

Basophils

A

granulocyte; respond to specific inflammatory reactions; similar to but derived from a different stem cell than mast cells; contain heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (vasodilator)

32
Q

Lymphocyte

A

agranulocyte; immunological role in lymphoid system

33
Q

Monocyte

A

agranulocyte; white cells, become macrophages when leave blood stream and enter tissues

34
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platelets; derived from cytoplasm of megakaryocytes in bone marrow; extracellular membrane covered by glycocalyx of carb moieties bound to integral membrane proteins that act as signaling mechanisms; disc shape maintained by MTs; change of shape facilitated by actin & myosin filaments + accompanying proteins; use glycogen for energy

35
Q

Blood clotting

A

formation of platelet plug + fibrin mesh

CTO Quiz 3 (2 decks)

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