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CTO Quiz 3 > Circulations_FlashCards > Flashcards

Circulations_FlashCards

1
Q

Main function: aorta

A

maintain pressure

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2
Q

Main function: arteries

A

distribute blood to and within organs

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3
Q

Main fx: arterioles

A

control flow within organs

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4
Q

Main fx: capillaries

A

metabolic exchange, greatest XS area, slowest flow

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5
Q

Main fx: veins & vena cava

A

buffer blood volume, rtn blood to heart

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6
Q

Layers of generic blood vessel

A

tunica intima, tunica media, adventitia

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7
Q

Tunica intima

A

includes endothelium and internal elastic lamina

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8
Q

Tunica media

A

smooth muscle celss and external elastic lamina

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9
Q

Adventitia

A

albuminal to external elastic lamina

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10
Q

Endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium lining luminal surfaces of blood & lymph vessels

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11
Q

Aorta and next largest arteries: fibers

A

large number of elastic fibers in tunica media -> maintain BP and Q during diastole (brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid, common iliac)

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12
Q

Muscular arteries

A

thick tunica media containing smooth muscle, selectively alter lumen diameter (contract/relax) to direct and regulate blood flow to organs

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13
Q

Medium arteries

A

smooth muscle, but fewer layers; type I collagen fibers in & near adventitia; no elastic laminae apparaent

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14
Q

Small arteries

A

few layers of smooth muscle, less well-defined adventitia

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15
Q

Arterioles

A

1-3 layers of smooth muscle to regulate BF to specific capillary beds; “resistance vessels” to arterial flow -> one of the main determinants of TPR and arterial BP

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16
Q

Metarterioles

A

main regulators of capillary BF, between arterioles and capillary beds, 1 layer of smoth muscle (often discontinuous)

17
Q

Capillaries

A

9-12 microns in diameter; smallest allow single RBC through at a time

18
Q

3 types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, discontinuous

19
Q

Continuous capillaries & locations

A

continuous endothelium & basement membrane; transcytosis (caveolae and vesicles); micropinocytosis; gas exchange; muscle, brain, lung, bone, thymus

20
Q

Fenestrated capillaries & locations

A

fenestrated endothleimu w/ or w/o thin diaphragms; tissues w/ substantial fluid transport: gut (intestinal villi), endocrine, kidney (glomerular cells), ciliary processes of eye, choroid plexus (brian ventricles)

21
Q

Discontinuous capillaries & locations

A

sinusoid; discontinuous endotheilum and basement membrane; liver, bone marrow, spleen (blood cells pass readily through walls of splenic sinuses)

22
Q

Pericytes

A

contractile & regenerative function; wrap around the endothelial cells of capillaries and venules throughout the body

23
Q

Functional actions of endothelial cells

A

Metabolic: activation/inactivation of substances; lipolysis, production of vasoactive factors (endothelin: constrict; NO: vasodilate); Antithrombogenic; Inflammatory Response

24
Q

closing of pre-capillary sphincters

A

causes blood to flow through A-V shunts and bypass capillary bed

25
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

spasm of small arteries & arterioles to fingers limits BF to finger tips -> turn pale; blood in capillaries of fingers and hand remain their longer than usual -> become more deoxygenated -> cyanosis; spasm release -> oxygenated blood flows into dilated capillary bed -> erythematous fingers (redder than normal)

26
Q

Venules

A

smallest vessels returning blood toward heart

27
Q

post-capillary venules

A

~15-20 microns; similar in structure to capillary but larger; continuation of gas/nutrient exchange

28
Q

Veins

A

thin media and adventitia; less smooth muscle -> thinner than accompanying arteries, but larger XS area; no definable elastic laminae; adventitia is dominant layer

29
Q

Large veins

A

adventitia is dominant layer and contains vasa vasorum

30
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

“vessels of the vessels”: network of small blood vessels supplying walls of large blood vessels; nourishment for tunica adventitia and outer parts of tunica media of large vessels

31
Q

Relaxation of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers in adventitia of large veins

A

allows vein walls to bulge outwards so vein can hold a larger volume of blood -> storage fx/volume buffering

32
Q

Venous valves

A

cusp-like valves allowing flow in one-direction only (toward heart)

33
Q

3 layers of heart

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

34
Q

conduction system of the heart

A

SA and AV nodes, Purkinje fibers

35
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

modified cardiac muscle cells that carry electrical impulses to contractile muscle cells of ventricles

36
Q

Lymphatics

A

drain fluid from interstitial space; highly permeable (similar to capillaries in structure, but w/ incomplete basement membrane); do not contain blood cells (except occasional lymphocyte); multple valves permitting central flow only

CTO Quiz 3 (2 decks)

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