Peripheral Venous- Upper Flashcards
When does the axillary vein turn into the subclavian?
After it passes the 1st rib
When does the brachial turn into the axillary vein?
When the basilic joins it
What connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the antecubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
Are superficial veins paired with arteries?
No
Clots are made up of what 2 things?
RBC’s and fibrin
How can PE’s be seen? How are they treated?
CT angiography or nuclear medicine VQ lung scan
Thrombectomy via conventional angiography is treatment
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens vs Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens:
Both are caused by an obstruction in the iliofemoral vein (causing a DVT) which causes extreme swelling. Alba does not have skin color changes, whereas cerulea has cyanosis and reduced arterial flow which is limb threatening
Symptoms of SVC syndrome?
neck and face swelling as well as difficulty breathing
blockage of the SVC
What is a gaiter zone
An area superior to the medial mallelous that describes when RBC’s and fluids leak into surrounding tissue and change the color of zine
What’s the most common cause of venous insuffiency?
Previous DVT that damaged the lumen of the veins and rendered the veins incompetent (Post thrombotic syndrome)
Virchows Triad:
Stasis
Hypercoagulopathy
Trauma
What makes pregnant women at a higher risk for a DVT?
Stasis
Main symptoms of an acute DVT:
redness
swelling
warm to the touch
superficial vein dilation
Main symptoms of a chronic DVT:
swelling
discolouration
ulceration
varicose veins
What can be mistaken for a non compressible brachial vein?
brachial nerve
Should you see reversal of flow after release of a distal compression?
Not very much. If anything, only about 0.5-1s of it
Measurement of a perforator? What happens if it’s more than this?
<3mm
Should be suspicious for incompetence
What direction should a perforator be moving?
Away from transducer.
Superficial to deep
What echogenicity is an acute clot?
anechoic/hypoechoic
What is the echogenicity/appearance of a chronic clot?
Increased echogenicity
Firmly adhered to wall
Larger developed collateral wall
Recanalization of vein
What happens when a clot has been there for a while?
It continues to breakdown and is absorbed by the body.
Leaves behind “synechiae”
A lack of spontaneous flow may indicate:
Distal obstruction
An absent/reduced augmentation indicates an obstruction:
Between the two points
When there is a loss of phasicity of the spectral waveform, it is considered:
Continuous