peripheral venous disease Flashcards
what 2 general veins are limb veins divided into?
what direction does blood flow in relation to deep and superficial ?
where do the peripheral veins lie?
where do the deep veins lie?
superficial and deep
from superficial to deep
subcutanous tissue
deep fascia near major arteries
what are some deep veins in the leg?
what are some superficial veisn in the leg?
femoral (common, deep and superficial), popliteal, peroneal, anterior and posterior tibial
short sapenous, long saphenous,
where do the superficial and deep veins drain to- its a digaram
what is the calf muscle pump AKA?
what muscles make it?
how does it work?
what is a perforating vein?
is the venous pressure increased or reduced in exercise?
peripheral heart
gastrocnemius and soleus
these muscles contract and contribute to help push blood through the deep veins back to the heart
veins that link superficial to deep veins
reduced - the calfs pump more = less pooling = less blood in veins
what are varicose veins?
what vein is this common in?
what do they look like?
it is a peripheral venous disease where the valves become ineffective due to weak vein walls - blood movement is slowed or even reversed
saphenous
bulging, twisted
they dont really cause problems
what are the symptomatic presentation of varicsoe veins ?
what are risk factors for varicose veins?
throbbing, cramps, heaviness
along the line of the vein:
cramps, ankle swelling, eczema, haemmorhage
age, familiy history, female, number of births, occupation (stands a lot)
what is superficial vein thrombophlebitis?
what are some symptoms?
what does it increse the risk of?
an inflammatory process in response to varicose veins resulting in a clot
painful erythematous that follows the line of the vein
DVT
what is chronic venous insufficiency?
what are you at high risk from with this?
what are some symptoms of this?
a results of prolonged and serious varicose veins - more advanced - blockage results in venous hypertension
DVT
lipodermatosclerosis - thicker harder fat below skin
haemosiderin staining - RBC leak due to high venous BP = stain
venous ulceration
where do venous ulcers usually occur?
why do they occur?
how to treat?
nodular areas e.g. malleolus
venous hypertension
treat ulcer with dressings and treat cause
who is at risk from calf muscle failure?
what happens when it fails?
how to treat?
immobile, injured and obese people - not using calsfs enough to plantar flex
deep veins are incompetent = reterograde flw = system overwhelmed
deep flows to superficial = overflows
ligation and vein stripping (also improves ulceration)
what is the common cause of arterial thrombosis?
what is the blackage rich in?
what commonly causes venous thrombosis?
what is it rich in?
atheroma
platelets
stasis, trauma, medication, dehydration, chemo, preggerz
fibrin
what is a DVT?
where is it commonly seen?
what are some signs/symptoms?
what score to use?
deep vein thrombosis - thrombosis in a deep vein
calf
pain, swelling, redness (inflammatory response from thrombosis)
asymmetry in legs, tenderness, warm, distended visible veins
Well’s score
what are risk factors for DVT?
how to prevent?
consequences?
stasis - no calf pump, pre and post surgery, trauma, malignancy, pregnancy
promote mobilisation after surgery
prophylaxis of anticoagulants with surgery
stockings
physical activity
die from pulmonary embolism
