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PDx > peripheral vascular system > Flashcards

peripheral vascular system Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal pulse reading

A

asymmetrical suggesting arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis or embolism

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2
Q

arterial pulses of upper extremity

A

radial artery, ulnar artery, brachial artery

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3
Q

arterial pulses of lower extremity

A

dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, popliteal artery, femoral artery

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4
Q

location of dorsalis pedis artery

A

dorsum of foot lateral to big toe extensor tendon

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5
Q

location of posterior tibial artery

A

behind medial malleolus

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6
Q

location of popliteal artery

A

behind knee

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7
Q

location of femoral artery

A

below inguinal ligament between ASIS and pubic symphysis

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8
Q

are veins or arteries more susceptible to abnormalities?

A

veins; they have weaker wall structure

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9
Q

deep vein

A

carry 90% of blood back to heart, can be affected by thrombosis; tested by Homan’s sign

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10
Q

superficial veins (great saphenous & small saphenous)

A

may see varicose veins; tested by tap test

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11
Q

location of great saphenous vein

A

dorsum of foot, medial leg, femoral

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12
Q

lymph nodes in upper extremity

A

epitrochlear, axillary

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13
Q

anterior axillary lymph node

A

pectoral

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14
Q

posterior axillary lymph node

A

subscapular

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15
Q

medial axillary lymph node

A

apical

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16
Q

lateral axillary lymph node

A

humeral

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17
Q

lymph nodes of lower extremity

A

horizontal and vertical

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18
Q

normal lymph node findings

A

small, round or pea shaped, soft, non-tender

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19
Q

abnormal lymph node findings due to infection

A

enlarged, tender, soft, smooth, and mobile

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20
Q

abnormal lymph node findings due to malignancy

A

hard, non-tender, matted, or fixed

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21
Q

abnormal lymph node findings due to lymphoma

A

very firm, rubbery

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22
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening and thickening of arterial walls

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23
Q

atherosclerosis

A

plaque forms inside arterial walls, contributes to arteriosclerosis

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24
Q

bruit

A

turbulent blood flow through an artery, causing a “whoosh” sound

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25
Q

ischemia

A

diminished blood supply to organ or body, most commonly caused by atherosclerosis

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26
Q

intermittent claudication

A

discomfort in legs while walking. caused by prolonged ischemia to legs

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27
Q

non-pitting edema

A

finger is depressed into the skin and no depression remains

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28
Q

pitting edema

A

finger is depressed into skin and when lifted, depression remains in skin

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29
Q

brawny edema

A

non-pitting edema that is resistant to touch; relates to lymphatic obstruction and deep vein occlusion

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30
Q

1+ pitting edema

A

slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of leg

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31
Q

2+ moderate pitting edema

A

indentation subsides rapidly

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32
Q

3+ deep pitting edema

A

indentation remains for short time, leg looks swollen

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33
Q

4+ very deep pitting edema

A

indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen

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34
Q

trophic assessment of arms

A

visually inspect from fingertips to axilla, compare side to side. note changes in skin, nails, tissue, edema, muscle volume, and hair

35
Q

interpretation of peripheral vascular disease

A

brawny edema, wrinkling. color changes such as pallor, brown, rubor, purple, or cyanotic

36
Q

interpretation of Raynaud’s

A

severe pallor followed by cyanosis and then rubor (white, blue, then red)

37
Q

interpretation of cellulitis

A

local area of redness, swelling, and heat. if lymphangitis is present, red streaks on the skin going towards axilla

38
Q

interpretations of lymphedema

A

edema; most common cause is post-mastectomy

39
Q

interpretations of thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

A

ulceration and gangrene at the tips of fingers or toes

40
Q

interpretation for bilaterally cold extremities

A

cold environment, anxiety, poor circulation

41
Q

interpretation for bilaterally warm/hot extremity

A

hot environment, post-workout, hyperthyroidism, infection, lymphedema, lymphangitis

42
Q

abnormal nail compression test

A

takes longer than 2 seconds for color to return

43
Q

causes of abnormal nail compression test

A

peripheral vascular disease or dehydration

44
Q

abnormal tissue turgor test

A

skin remains elevated and slowly returns to normal position

45
Q

causes of positive tissue turgor test

A

benign in elderly; late sign of dehydration

46
Q

increased turgor

A

skin cannot be grasped or raised and looks smooth, taut, and shiny; due to edema

47
Q

abnormal Allen test

A

color does not return promptly; suggests inadequate blood flow such as PVD or arterial occlusion

48
Q

interpretation for edema in lower extremity

A

acute DVT, chronic venous insufficiency, incompetence of valves, or lymphedema

49
Q

cause of hair loss over the anterior tibial surface

A

decreased arterial flow/perfusion

50
Q

interpretation of PVD

A

thin, brittle, shiny skin. color changes such as pallor, rubor, brown, purple, or cyanotic

51
Q

interpretation of chronic venous insufficiency

A

brawny edema, ankle pigmentation, ulcers

52
Q

possible cause of warm/hot calf

A

deep vein thrombosis

53
Q

possible cause of warm/hot leg

A

respective compartment syndrome, infection, cellulitis

54
Q

femoral herniation

A

abdominal contents pass through a weakness in the abdominal wall at the femoral canal; high risk of strangulation and bowel obstruction

55
Q

raynaud’s disease

A

response to cold or emotional stress, may last few minutes to hours.
primary: idiopathic
secondary: caused by inury, autoimmune or connective tissue disease

56
Q

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

atherosclerosis of extremities causing ischemia

57
Q

mild symptoms of PVD

A

intermittent claudication or pain at rest

58
Q

severe signs of PVD

A

skin atrophy, hair loss, cyanosis, ischemic ulcers, gangrene

59
Q

acute peripheral arterial occlusion

A

severe pain, cold sensation, numbness; can cause infarction or gangrene due to ischemia

60
Q

Leriche syndrome

A

caused by atherosclerosis with occlusion of aorta and iliac arteries; affects buttock muscles, legs, and male genitalia are underserved (aka aortoiliac occlusive disease)

61
Q

symptoms of leriche syndrome

A

pain, fatigue or cramping in legs and buttock, especially when walking or exercising

62
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

causes large and small efferent vessel disease and can lead to peripheral neuropathy; may have intermittent claudication

63
Q

signs of diabetes mellitus

A

skin ulcers, slow healing wounds, cold extremities, gangrene

64
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

65
Q

thrombosis/thrombophlebitis

A

blood clot in vessel, often in arteries damaged by atherosclerosis. can cause ischemia and can break off and go to heart

66
Q

embolus

A

mass/particle flows through vessel causing obstruction; commonly caused by thrombosis; sudden pain

67
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

clotting of blood in deep vein, usually calf, thigh, or pelvis

68
Q

complication of DVT

A

chronic venous insufficiency, primary cause of pulmonary embolism

69
Q

varicose veins

A

dilated superficial veins; enlarged, swollen/distended, twisting looking; may be blue or dark purple

70
Q

causes of varicose veins

A

unknown; may be from chronic venous insufficiency, faulty valves in veins allowing blood to flow in wrong direction or to pool

71
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

restricted vein flow allows for chronic stagnation and pooling of blood

72
Q

chronic edema of lower extremity

A

often indicates chronic venous insufficiency; edema is soft, pitting, reddish color, superficial ulcer over malleolus

73
Q

causes of ankle edema

A

CHF, renal disease, liver disease, myxedema, lymphatic obstruction

74
Q

thromboangitis obliterans

A

recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis of small and medium vessels of hands and feet; associated with tobacco product use

75
Q

exam findings for thrombangitis obliterans

A

ulcerations and gangrene at tips of fingers or toes

76
Q

compartment syndrome

A

increased tissue pressure within a closed fascial space; often result of injury, causes severe pain and numbness

77
Q

lymphatic insufficiency

A

poor lymphatic function can lead to lymphedema

78
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling in arms or legs due to blockage, lymph fluid cannot drain properly, fluid builds up leading to swelling

79
Q

causes of lymphatic insufficiency & lymphedema

A

infection, removal or damage of lymph nodes as part of cancer treatment

80
Q

cellulitis

A

acute bacterial infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue, most often caused by streptococci or staphylococci

81
Q

acute lymphagitis

A

infection of lymph vessels most commonly from streptococcal infection of skin, may be a sign that the skin infection is getting worse as the bacteria is being spread into the blood

82
Q

symptoms of lymphangitis

A

chills, headache, red streaks from infected area going toward axilla or groin

83
Q

lymphoma

A

cancer of lymphatic system, can be Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin; lymph nodes are non-tender

84
Q

metastatic cancer

A

cancer form another source that has spread to lymph nodes. MC from breast cancer to anterior or pectoral lymph nodes; lymph nodes are hard, non-tender, irregular margins, fixed

PDx (4 decks)

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