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NSG 1610 Post Midterm > Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the vascular system?

A
  • Deliver oxygen
  • Maintain nutrients to the cells and tissues
  • Returns waste products for
    excretion
  • Maintains perfusion of tissues and organs
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2
Q

What is the peripheral vascular system responsible for?

A

Responsible for systemic
circulation

Provides tissues with oxygen and nutrients

Returns waste to the central
circulation for excretion

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3
Q

What is the role of the jugular and carotid arteries in the peripheral vascular system?

A

Jugular veins and carotid arteries perfuses the brain and superior vena cava, subclavian arteries perfuses the upper limbs and in the inferior vena cava and thoracic aorta perfuse the lower limbs

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Veins

A

Veins are a type of blood vessel that return deoxygenated blood from your organs back to your heart

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6
Q

Capillaries

A

Form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from
the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return blood to the heart (veins).

The primary function of capillaries is the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells.

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7
Q

What is the role of the arteries?

A

Carry oxygen rich blood to
the tissues of the body.

Muscular vessels

Made of 3 layers (Intima,
Media, Adventitia)

Aorta is the largest artery in
the body

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8
Q

What are the role of veins?

A

Bring blood back to the
heart

Low pressure system

Venules are the smallest
veins in the body

Superior and Inferior
venae cavae are the
largest

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9
Q

What are the 4 major types of veins?

A

-Pulmonary
- Systemic
- Superficial
- Deep Veins

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10
Q

What is some objective data indicating a circulatory concern?

A
  • Cyanosis
  • Finger Clubbing
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11
Q

What should you inspect on the arms?

A

Note size, shape and
symmetry of arms and
hands.

Assess color of skin and
nail beds

Note any edema, bruising,
scars, abrasions

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12
Q

What is the Schamroth Window Test?

A

Tests for clubbing

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13
Q

What can clubbing of the fingernails indicate?

A

Clubbing of the fingernails or toenails is associated with
several diseases- mostly of the heart and lungs

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14
Q

What do you palpate on the arms?

A

Assess temperature, bilaterally, simultaneously.

Assess skin texture and turgor.

Capillary refill (less than 1-2 secs)

Palpate brachial and radial pulse

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15
Q

What does capillary refill indicate?

A

Capillary refill time is a quick, reliable method for detecting changes in blood flow

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16
Q

Where is the brachial artery located?

A

Brachial located at approximately the inner third of the antecubital fossa when the palm is facing up

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17
Q

Where is the radial pulse located?

A

Radial pulse is located on the
lateral aspect of the wrist (radial artery) and can be gently palpated with the pads of two fingers.

18
Q

What are you inspecting on the legs?

A

Note skin color, hair
distribution, venous
patter, size (edema or
atrophy), skin lesions or
ulcers

Symmetry of legs and feet

Evaluate nail beds for capillary refill

19
Q

What are you palpating on the legs?

A

Legs and feet for temperature (using
dorsal aspect) and assess
simultaneously

Assess skin texture and turgor

Assess capillary refill

Nail bed integrity

Palpating the Edema

20
Q

Where is the femoral artery?

A

Just below the inguinal
ligament, halfway
between the pubis and
anterior superior iliac
spines.

21
Q

Where is the posterior tibial pulse located?

A

Just below the inguinal
ligament, halfway
between the pubis and
anterior superior iliac
spines.

22
Q

Where is the popliteal pulse located?

A

With thumbs braced on the knee, curl hands around the back & press against the lower edge of the femur

23
Q

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse located?

A

About halfway up immediately lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe. Light touch is important.

24
Q

What 4 things are you assessing when assessing the pulse?

A

Rate (50-95 bpm)
Rhythm (regular/irregular)
Strength/Amplitude
Equality (assessment of pulses bilaterally)

25
Q

How do you describe the strength/amplitude of the pulse?

A

0 = not palpable or absent

1+ = Diminished weak, and barely palpable, easy to obliterate (thready)

2+ = Normal, obliterate with slight pressure (average)

3 + = Bounding, obliterate with firm pressure, or unable to obliterate (caffeine, energy drinks etc., cause a bounding pulse)

26
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

(1) conserve fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of the capillaries

(2) form a major part of the immune system that
defends the body against disease, and

(3) absorb lipids from the small intestine.

27
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Lymph nodes are small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at intervals
along the vessels.

Most nodes are arranged in groups, both deep and superficial,
in the body.

28
Q

What do lymph nodes do?

A

Nodes filter the fluid before it is returned to the bloodstream and
filter out microorganisms that could be harmful to the body

29
Q

What are some considerations for older adults?

A

Peripheral blood vessels grow more rigid with age, termed arteriosclerosis. This
condition produces the rise in systolic blood pressure

Aging produces a progressive enlargement of the intramuscular calf veins.

Prolonged bed rest, prolonged immobilization, and heart failure increase the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and subsequent pulmonary embolism.

Loss of lymphatic tissue leads to fewer numbers of lymph nodes in older
people and to a decrease in the size of remaining nodes.

30
Q

What is subjective data that should be assessed with the peripheral vascular and lymphatic system?

A
  1. Leg pain or cramps
  2. Skin changes on arms or legs
  3. Swelling in arms or legs
  4. Lymph node enlargement
  5. Medications
  6. Smoking history
31
Q

What does lymphatic drainage assist in?

A

Without lymphatic drainage, fluid would build up in the interstitial spaces and produce edema.

32
Q

When does bilateral dependent pitting edema occur?

A

heart failure

diabetic neuropathy

33
Q

When does unilateral edema occur?

A

Unilateral edema occurs
with occlusion of a deep
vein.

34
Q

What is the 4 point scale to assessing edema?

A

Grade +1: 0- 2mm of depression, rebounding immediately.

Grade +2: 3–4mm of depression, rebounding in 15 seconds or less.

Grade +3: 5–6mm of depression, rebounding in 60 seconds.

Grade +4: 8mm of depression, rebounding in 2–3 minutes.

35
Q

What are factors that affect the pulse?

A

Anxiety vs. relaxation

Pain (increase pulse rate if patient is experiencing acute pain)

Exercise

Fever/warm environment can increase but low temperature can decrease pulse

Medications can increase or decrease

Medical emergencies

Lung conditions

Gender

Age (babies have higher pulse rates)

Stimulants increase pulse rates

36
Q

What is adequate blood pressure essential for?

A

The perfusion of all body tissues with oxygenated blood

Transportation of essential nutrients

Removal of waste materials by the liver, the kidney’s and the lungs

37
Q

What is the average BP for an adult?

A

For the average adult it is desirable to have a consistent BP reading below 135mmHg systolically and 85mmHg diastolically (135/85)

** In clients with high vascular risk conditions, such as diabetes, the target BP should ideally be below 130mmHg systolically and 80mmHg diastolically

38
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

A drop in the SBP that occurs when there is a change in patient position from lying to sitting or standing

When there is a change in at least 20mmHg in the BP when assessing lying, sitting, or standing AND when the HR goes up 20 BPM or more when doing lying, sitting and standing

39
Q

What areas of the body can you assess lymph nodes?

A

head and neck

axilla (armpit)

inguinal area (groin)

back of knees

40
Q

What do enlarged lymph nodes indicate?

A

they can be felt is when you have an infection, (for example, a sore throat or an ear infection which can make the neck lymph nodes enlarged, painful and tender as these are the nearest lymph nodes to the site of infection

Lymph nodes can also become enlarged if cancer cells lodge in them. In this case, they are usually painless

NSG 1610 Post Midterm (5 decks)

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