Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSG 1610 Post Midterm > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the Musculoskeletal System? (5)

A

(1) for support to stand erect

(2) for movement.

(3) The musculoskeletal system also functions
to encase and protect the inner vital organs (e.g., brain, spinal cord, heart)

(4) to produce the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow (hematopoiesis)

(5) as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in the bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the role of cartilage?

A

allow bones to slide, absorb shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of tendons?

A

muscles to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the role of ligaments?

A

bone to bone; stabilizes joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of bursae?

A

Fluid filled to cushion bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of fascia?

A

flat sheets that protect muscle fibers; taper to form tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

freely movable (most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

slightly moveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

immoveable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are joints?

A

Where two bones come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of non-articular structures?

A
  • Bursae
  • Tendons
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
  • Fasciae
  • Nerves
  • Bones
  • skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of Articular structures?

A
  • Synovium and synovial fluid
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
  • Juxta-articular bone
  • Joint capsul
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of the temporomandibular Joint?

A

Permits:
- Opening/closing of the jaw
- Protrusion and retraction
- Side to side gliding movement of the lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the glenohumeral joint: Shoulders

A

ball and socket joint

  • Flexion and extension
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Rotation
  • Circumduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of the humeroradial Joint: Elbow

A
  • Articulation of the humerus, radius, and ulna
  • Permits flexion and extension
  • Pronation and supination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of tibiofemoral joint: Knees

A
  • Femur, tibia, and patella
    -Cruciate and collateral ligaments
  • Bursa
  • Flexion and Extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of the Acetabulofemoral Joint: Hip

A
  • Ball and Socket
  • Wide ROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the tibiotalar joint: Ankle and foot

A
  • Tibiotaler Joint: Hinge
    (Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion)
  • Subtalar Joint
    (Inversion & Eversion)
  • Metatarsophalangeal and IP Joints
    (Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of toes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the radiocarpal Joint: wrists and carpals

A
  • Radiocarpal joint
  • Intercarpal Joints
  • Interphalangeal joints
  • Felxion, Extension, ulnar and radial deviation of wrist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

Voluntary muscles (under conscious control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are smooth muscles?

A

involuntary muscle (autonomic nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is flexion?

A

Bending a limb at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening a limb at a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is abduction?

A

moving a limb away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Adduction

A

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the forearm so the palm is Downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Supination

A

Turning the forearms so the palm is up

28
Q

Circumduction

A

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

29
Q

Inversion

A

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

30
Q

Eversion

A

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

31
Q

Rotation

A

Moving the head around a central axis

32
Q

Protraction

A

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

33
Q

Retraction

A

Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

34
Q

Elevation

A

Raising a body part

35
Q

Depression

A

Lowering a body part

36
Q

What Subjective data do you collect regarding the joints?

A
  • Pain
  • Stiffness
  • Swelling, heat, redness
  • Limitation of movement
37
Q

What subjective data do you collect regarding the muscles?

A
  • Pain (cramps)
  • Weakness
38
Q

What subjective data do you collect regarding the bones?

A
  • Pain
  • Deformity
  • Trauma (fractures, sprains & Dislocations)
39
Q

What are the 6 components to assess with subjective data?

A
  • Joints
  • Knee Joint (if injured)
  • Muscles
  • Bones
  • Functional Assessment (ADLs)
  • Patient-centred care
40
Q

What is the purpose of a musculoskeletal examination?

A

The purposes of the musculoskeletal examination are to assess function for
ADLs and to screen for any abnormalities.

41
Q

What additional objective data do you collect or observe when assessing the patient?

A

Note additional ADL data as the person goes through the motions necessary for an examination: gait; posture;
how the person sits in a chair, rises from chair, takes off jacket, manipulates
small object such as a pen, raises from supine.

42
Q

A screening musculoskeletal examination suffices for most people….

A
  • Inspection and palpation of joints integrated with each body region
  • Observation of ROM as person proceeds through motions described earlier
  • Age-specific screening measures such as Ortolani sign for infants or scoliosis screening for adolescents
43
Q

What is myalgia?

A

Pain originating in muscle (often crampy)

44
Q

What is arthralgia?

A

pain originating in bone or joint (often dull or achy)

45
Q

What is a contracture?

A

shortening of tendons or muscles from injury or prolonged positioning. Difficult to stretch it out.

46
Q

What is a functional assessment?

A

Screening for the safety of independent living
(Ie., financial strain, self-care, isolation, body image)

47
Q

What are ADL’s?

A

Bathing, mobility, eating, personal hygiene, dressing, and toileting

48
Q

How do you perform a scoliosis screening?

A
  • Look for symmetry of hips, scapulae, shoulders, skin folds
  • Patient bends forward with arms hanging to floor
  • Inspect while patient slowly stands up looking for lateral curves
49
Q

What is included in the Inspection of the Musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Posture (after assessing their ability to stand)
  • Observe standing with feet together
  • Inspect symmetry (shoulder height, scapula, iliac crests, posterior superior iliac spine, gluteal folds)
  • Sitting position
50
Q

What is ataxia?

A

uncoordinated, irregular movements

51
Q

How do you assess a patients Gait?

A
  • Watch the patient walk while observing from different angles
  • Note base width
  • Disturbances such as hesitancy, unsteadiness, staggering, reaching
    for support, foot scraping, limping, stooping, asymmetry predictor
    of falls
  • If the client uses assistive aids, make sure they are available during the assessment
52
Q

How do you assess balance and coordination?

A

Tandem walk:forwards and backwards

Romberg Test

Standing / hopping on one foot

Rapid movements

Run heel of one foot down opposite

leg from knee to toes

Finger to thumb opposition: fine motor coordination

53
Q

What are you inspecting on the limbs?

A

Check the joints and extremities for:
- size
- shape
- Color
- lesions
- Swelling
- Masses
- Deformities
- Symmetry of muscle mass

54
Q

How do you perform limb measurement?

A
  • Arms together from elbow to wrist to compare radius
  • Assess both sides at the same time to test for symmetry
  • Knee height while sitting

*Circumference at midpoint (length first) (lower/upper arms and legs)

55
Q

How do you perform palpation?

A
  • Check the temperature and quality of the skin, joint areas for contour, size, tenderness and swelling
  • Palpate muscles for tone
  • Is it the same bilaterally?
56
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

When popping during movement performing passive ROM: do not force the joint. Stop if there is
resistance or reports of discomfort

57
Q

How do you assess ROM?

A

expected finding = Joint moves smoothly and quietly

If client cannot perform active ROM, use gentle passive ROM

58
Q

Atony

A

Lack of residual tension, no tone

59
Q

Hypotonicity

A

Diminished tone

60
Q

Spasticity

A

Hypertonic; stiff and awkward movement

61
Q

Spasm

A

Violent, involuntary contraction

62
Q

Fasciculation

A

Involuntary twitching

63
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary contraction

64
Q

How to you assess ROM of the neck?

A
  • Chin to chest
  • Look toward ceiling
  • Each ear to shoulder
  • Turn chin to each shoulder
65
Q

what is kyphosis?

A

An increased front-to-back curve of the spine is called kyphosis. Kyphosis is an exaggerated, forward rounding of the upper back. In older people, kyphosis is often due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack.

66
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Lordosis is the inward curve of the lumbar spine (just above the buttocks). A small degree of lordosis is normal. Too much curving is called swayback. The spine is divided into several sections.

67
Q

Look to Power point for specific assessments

A

NSG 1610 Post Midterm (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions