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NURS 232 > Peripheral Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What gender is more at risk for vascular disorders?

A

Men

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2
Q

Define peripheral arterial disorder (PAD)

A
  • reduced arterial blood flow to the extremities, thickening/narrowing of artery walls
  • marker of advanced systemic atherosclerosis
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3
Q

5 Symptoms of PAD

A
  1. Intermittent Claudication
  2. Paresthesia
  3. Dependent rubor (erythematous discoloration of limbs)
  4. Skin change (cool to touch, pallor, increased cap refill, loss of hair, taut and thin skin)
  5. Decreased circulation
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4
Q

3 Indicators of intermittent claudication

A
  1. Response to exercise (increased O2 demand)
  2. Resolves with rest (within 10 mins)
  3. Repeatable
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5
Q

3 complications of PAD

A
  1. Continuous pain at rest
  2. Gangrene (death of body tissue due to a lack of BF)
  3. Limb threatening disease
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6
Q

3 Diagnostic Tests for PAD

A
  1. Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (Ankle SBP/Brachial SBP ratio, NORMAL IS 1-1.4)
  2. Doppler ultrasound (shows vessels and BF)
  3. Magnetic resonance angiography
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7
Q

5 Interventions for PAD

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Drug Therapy
  3. Nutritional Therapy
  4. Exercise Therapy
  5. Risk factor modification
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8
Q

Risk Factors of PAD

A

HTN, overweight, smoking, diabetes

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9
Q

Define Acute Arterial Ischemic Disorder

A
  • occurs suddenly when there is significant blockage and no BF to limb
  • caused by embolism, thrombus, or trauma
  • early Tx essential to keeping limb
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10
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Acute Arterial Ischemic Disorder

A

6Ps
- Pain
- Pallor
- Pulselessness
- Paresthesia
- Paralysis
- Perishingly cold

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11
Q

5 Nursing Diagnosis for PAD

A
  1. Ineffective Tissue perfusion
  2. Impaired skin integrity
  3. Acute pain
  4. Activity intolerance
  5. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management
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12
Q

How are blood clots formed in venous thrombuses?

A

Virchow’s triad (edit: read more in textbook)
1. Stasis (immobility)
2. Hypercoagulability (polycythemia - too many RBC)
3. Endothelial damage (vessel wall injury causing clots to form)

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13
Q

Define Superficial Vein Thrombosis

A
  • in upper or lower extremities (in SQ smaller veins)
  • palpable
  • tender
  • red
  • warm
  • could be caused by a bad IV
  • often not hospitalized
  • interventions: compression stocking and elevation
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14
Q

6 Clinical Manifestations of DVT

A
  1. May have no symptoms
  2. Unilateral leg edema
  3. Extremity pain
  4. Heaviness in thigh or calf
  5. Skin changes: warm, erythema, cyanosis
  6. Temp > 38C
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15
Q

4 Complications of DVT

A
  1. PE
  2. Chronic venous insufficiency (Hemosiderin released causing RBCs leaking to tissues)
  3. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (purple skin requiring immediate surgery or amputation)
  4. Venous leg ulcer
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16
Q

4 Diagnostic tests for DVT

A
  1. Tests for how long blood clots form -> PTT (partial thromboplastin time), INR (international normalized ratio), platelet count
  2. D-dimer (protein made when a clot is dissolved)
  3. Venous compression ultrasound
  4. Magnetic resonance venography
17
Q

5 Nursing Diagnoses for DVT

A
  1. Acute pain
  2. Ineffective health maintenance
  3. Risk for impaired skin integrity
  4. Risk for bleeding
  5. Risk for PE
18
Q

4 Nursing Interventions for DVT

A
  1. Early and aggressive mobilization (4-6x/day)
  2. Bedrest patients (rotate ankles Q2-4H)
  3. Compression stockings
  4. Sequential compression devices
19
Q

Define Aortic Aneurysm

A
  • outpouching or dilation of the aortic vessel wall
  • Risk factors: smoking, older male, HTN
  • classified in TRUE or FALSE
  • clinical manifestations depend on location (ascending/descending thoracic aortic aneurysms, and abdominal which perfuses into peritoneal cavity and causes sharp back pain)
20
Q

Define Aortic Dissection

A
  • NOT an aneurysm
  • tearing/dissection of the intimal layers and puts blood in between vessel walls
  • can be acute/subacute/chronic
  • risk factors: HTN, atherosclerosis, aortic valve disease, aortic aneurysm, trauma
  • clinical manifestations are severe chest or back pain and are more abruptly onset than MI pain

NURS 232 (11 decks)

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