Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Question 1

Arterial disease

Answer 1

1. Chronic, occlusive peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of medium and large-sized vessels resulting in dimished BP affecting LE (w/ pulses dec. or absent)
2. Associated with HTN. lipidemia; pt. may also have CAD diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, hx of smoking

Question 2

Early stage of Arterial Disease

Answer 2

1. severe muscle ischemia/intermittent claudication/worse with exercise, relieved by rest d/t dec. O2
2. Pain: burning, searing, aching, tightness, or cramping; occurs regularly and predictably with walking (relieved by rest)

Claudication: Pain, commonly in the legs, caused by too little blood flow, usually during exercise. Often indicates peripheral artery disease.

Question 3

Late stage of Arterial Disease

Answer 3

1. rest pain
2. muscle atrophy (primarily LE)
3. trophic changes (hair loss, skin and nail changes)

Question 4

Thromboangiitis obliterans
(Buerger’s disease)

description, S&S

Answer 4

1. chronic inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and also veins
2. Common in men who smokes
3. begins DISTALLY and progresses proximally in both LE/UE

the small blood vessels of the feet and hands become blocked with blood clots. Over time, skin tissue is damaged or destroyed. Open, painful sores develop on the toes and fingers. Not using tobacco is the best way to stop the disease from getting worse; tobacco irritates veins and becomes inflamed

S&S:
1. pain, paresthesias, cold extremities, diminished temperature sensation, fatigue
2. risk of ulceration and gangrene

(can result in amptuation)

Question 5

Diabetic angiopathy

Answer 5

1. consistent and noncontrolled elevation of blood glucose levels and accelerated atherosclerosis
2. neuropathies
3. ulcers
4. diabetic retinopathy (can result in blindness)

diabetic patients with unstable angina have a higher incidence of plaque ulceration and intracoronary thrombus formation than nondiabetic patients.

Question 6

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Answer 6

1. episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles
2. abnormal vasoconstritcion reflex exacerbated by exposure to cold or emotional stress
3. tips of fingers develop pallor, cyanosis, numbness, and tingling
4. affects largely in females

contraindication: cold modalities

Question 7

Varicose Vein

Answer 7

1. distended, swollen superficial veins
2. tortuous in appearance
3. may lead to varicose ulcers

venous disease

Question 8

superficial vein thrombophlebitis

Answer 8

1. clot formation and acute inflammation in a superficual vein
2. localized pain usually in saphenous vein

an inflammation of a vein just below the surface of the skin, which results from a blood clot. This condition may occur after recently using an IV line, or after trauma to the vein. Some symptoms can include pain and tenderness along the vein and hardening and feeling cord-like.

venous disease

Question 9

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis (DVT)

Answer 9

1. inflammation of the vein in association with the formation of a thrombus
2. usually occurs in LE
3. may lead to CVA; requires immediate attention

venous disease

Question 10

chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 10

1. charaterized by chronic leg edema, skin pigmentation changes, scaly appearance, itchy
2. Typical symptoms of venous insufficiency include aching, pain, tightness, skin irritation, pruritus, heaviness, tingling, muscle cramps, and cosmetically unsatisfying varicose veins. Symptoms often worsen during the course of the day and with prolonged standing.

Improper functioning of the vein valves in the leg, causing swelling and skin changes.

venous disease

Question 11

lymphedema

Answer 11

1. chronic disorder with excessive accumulation of fluid due to obstruction of lymphatics
2. cuases swlling of the soft tissues in arms and legs
3. Primary=congenital abnormal lymph node (hypoplasia/hyerplasia)
4. Secondary=acquired d/t injry of 1 or more parts of the lymphatic system (tumors, trauma, infection affecting lymphnodes;radiation)
5. progressive overtime

Maybe cause from cancer treatment

chronic venous insufficiency

Question 12

Symptoms for lymphedema

Answer 12

1. heaviness, tightness or pain
2. swelling and persistent edema
3. loss of ROM and function in arms/legs
4. hardening and/or discoloration of skin

Stage:
0- latent
1-spontaneously reversible
2-spontaneously irreversible
3-lumphostatic elephantiasis

Question 13

Treatment of Lymphedema

Answer 13

1. complete decongestive therapy (CDT)- manual lymph drainage, short-stretch compression bandages, exerciss, funcional training, skin care, and lymphedema education