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Medicine - OSCE > Peripheral Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards

0
Q

PVD - risk factors

A
  1. Age
  2. CVD
  3. CAD
  4. DM
  5. Hypercholesterolaemia
  6. Smoking
  7. HTN
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1
Q

PVD - management

A
  1. CVD risk management - HTN, Lipids, DM, Smoking
  2. AF - rate, rhythm control, anticoagulation
  3. PVD - stent if small/balloon angioplasty, fem-pop bypass if big
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2
Q

PVD - signs

A
  1. Absent dorsalis pedis AND posterior tibial pulse
  2. Atypical skin colour at extremities
  3. Atrophic hair loss
  4. Temperature change
  5. Increased capillary refill time
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3
Q

Acute limb ischemia - signs/symptoms

A

5Ps

  1. Pain
  2. Paresthesia
  3. Perishingly cold
  4. Pulselessness
  5. Paralysis
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4
Q

PVD - Ddx

A
  1. Lumbar spinal stenosis
  2. Peripheral neuropathy
  3. Nerve entrapment
  4. Fracture
  5. Arthritis
  6. DVT
  7. Venous insufficiency
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5
Q

PVD - investigations

A
  1. FBC with platelets
  2. Lipids
  3. Apolipoprotein A
  4. HbA1c
  5. Creatinine
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6
Q

Acute limb ischemia - management

A
  1. Analgesia - 325mg aspirin
  2. Anticoagulation - unfractionated heparin
    Or
  3. Percutaneous thrombectomy
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7
Q

Chronic limb ischemia - management

A
  1. Reduce risk factors
  2. Aspirin and clopidogrel
  3. Smoking cessation, exercise
  4. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor - cilostazol
  5. Surgery - angioplasty, stent, bypass, thrombolysis
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8
Q

Vessel harvest sites

A
  1. Great saphenous vein
  2. Radial artery
  3. Internal mammary artery
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9
Q

Venous eczema - presentation

A
  1. Erythematous plaque with fine fissures and scaling

2. Haemosiderin

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10
Q

Venous eczema - cause

A

Venous stasis related to venous insufficiency

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11
Q

Venous eczema - management

A
  1. Avoid itching
  2. Dress skin
  3. Topical steroids
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12
Q

Venous eczema - complications

A
  1. Venous stasis ulcer
  2. Cellulitis
  3. Fat necrosis
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13
Q

Venous ulcer - risk factors

A
  1. Obesity
  2. Phlebitis
  3. Varicose veins
  4. DVT
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14
Q

Venous ulcer - symptoms

A
  1. Aching pain at ulcer site
  2. Leg pain increases late in the day
  3. Relieved by elevating legs
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15
Q

Venous ulcer - Ddx

A
  1. Arterial insufficiency related ulcer
  2. Vasculitic ulcer
  3. Neuropathic foot ulcer
  4. Pressure ulcer
  5. Skin malignancy
16
Q

Venous ulcer - investigations

A
  1. Biopsy - vasculitis/malignancy
  2. ABPI
  3. Duplex USS to confirm venous insufficiency
17
Q

Venous ulcer - management

A
  1. Elevation of leg
  2. Compression stocking
  3. ABx
  4. Dressing
  5. Aspirin
  6. Skin graft
  7. Avoid topicals
18
Q

Venous insufficiency - cause

A

Incompetent valves causing distal venous hypertension

19
Q

Venous insufficiency - risk factors

A
  1. Obesity
  2. CHF
  3. DM
20
Q

Venous insufficiency - presentation

A
  1. Varicose veins
  2. Haemosiderin
  3. Pedal oedema
  4. Ulceration
21
Q

Venous insufficiency - complications

A
  1. Venous ulcers
  2. Postphlebitic syndrome - DVT, thrombophlebitis
  3. Eczema
  4. Cellulitis
22
Q

Venous insufficiency - investigations

A
  1. Duplex USS to assess for venous reflux

2. ABPI to confirm no arterial insufficiency

23
Q

Venous insufficiency - management

A
  1. Regular walks
  2. Elevate legs
  3. Compression stocking
  4. Diuretics
24
Q

Vasculitis types

A
  1. Giant cell arteritis - carotid artery
  2. Polyarteritis Nodosa
  3. Kawasaki disease - coronary artery
  4. Small vessel vasculitis
    - wegener’s granulomatosis (lungs and kidneys)
25
Q

Vasculitis - associated symptoms

A
  1. Headache
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Stroke
  4. Haematuria
26
Q

Vasculitis - presentation

A
  1. Fever
  2. HTN
  3. Weight loss
  4. Hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
27
Q

Vasculitis - examination

A
  1. Arterial bruit
  2. Nodules
  3. Palpable purpura
  4. Urticarial
28
Q

Vasculitis - investigations

A
  1. Biopsy
  2. FBC
  3. ESR, CRP
  4. Blood culture
  5. RFT, LFT
  6. ANA, ANCA, RF
  7. CXR, ECG, ECHO
29
Q

Vasculitis - Ddx

A
  1. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
  2. Endocarditis
  3. Multiple myeloma
  4. Secondary vasculitis (RA, SLE, scleroderma)

Medicine - OSCE (21 decks)

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