Peripheral Vascular (complete)

Question 1

Vascular system transports…?

Answer 1

fluid, blood, and lymph

Question 2

Vascular System contains…?
**Three main components

Answer 2

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 3

Arteries transport what (kind of blood) and from what direction?

Answer 3

transports oxygenated blood
away from the heart to the body tissues

Question 4

Elastic arteries

Answer 4

(Large): Aorta and its
major branches, and trunk of pulmonary
artery, contain more elastic fibers

Question 5

Muscular arteries

Answer 5

(Medium): contain more
smooth muscle

Question 6

Arterioles

Answer 6

(Small): play a role in regulating
blood flow and blood pressure

Question 7

Arterial blockages (two types)

Answer 7

Complete leads to tissue death
Partial blockage leads to ischemia

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

links arterioles to veins with venules

Question 9

Venules

Answer 9

tiny blood vessels that connect capillaries to veins

Question 10

Veins transport what (kind of blood) and from what direction?

Answer 10

collects deoxygenated blood from the periphery/
body tissues and returns it to the heart

Question 11

Direction of blood flow (order)

Answer 11

Arteries-Arterioles-Capillaries-Venules-Veins

Question 12

Arteries of the arm:

Answer 12

Brachial artery:
Radial artery/pulse:
Ulnar artery

Question 13

Which arteries do we check bilaterally?

Answer 13

Radial, Carotid, Dorsalis pedis

Question 14

Wheat does an Allen’s test check for?

Answer 14

Ulnar and Radial perfusion

Question 15

Peripheral arteries

Answer 15

-Femoral
-Popliteal
-Pedal Pulses
 Dorsalis Pedis (DP) Pulse
 Posterior Tibial (PT) Pulse

Question 16

Grading pulses—0-3

Answer 16

-3+: full, bounding
- 2+: brisk, normal
- 1+: Diminished, weak, thready
- 0: absent

Question 17

Developmental Considerations: adults

Answer 17

• DP and PT pulses may become more difficult to find
• Trophic changes associated with arterial insufficiency
  may be seen
   Thin, shiny skin
   Thick, ridged nails
   Loss of hair on lower legs

Question 18

ABI

Answer 18

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
Assesses for PAD

Question 19

Pitting Edema Scale 1-4

Answer 19

-1+: Barely detectable impression when finger is pressed
into skin. May have mild pitting, slight indent, no
perceptible swelling of legs
-2+: Slight indentation; 15 seconds to rebound
-3+: Deeper (pitting) indentation, 30 seconds to
rebound, leg looks swollen
-4+: >30 seconds to rebound, leg is severely swollen

Question 20

Types of peripheral edema

Answer 20

-Pitting
-Chronic venous insufficiency
-Lymphedema

Question 21

Developmental Considerations: Pregnant women

Answer 21

-Edema: expect diffuse bilateral pitting edema in the lower
extremities, especially at the end of the day and into the
third trimester
-Varicose veins: often seen in the
third trimester
 The veins are dilated and tortuous.
 The vein walls may feel somewhat thickened

Question 22

Classic Symptoms of PAD

Answer 22

• Ischemic muscle pain that is
  caused by a constant level of exercise
  -Resolves within 10 minutes or less with rest
  -Reproducible

Question 23

PAD presentation

Answer 23

-Paresthesia: numbness or tingling in the toes or feet
-Loss of pressure and deep pain sensation
-Thin, shiny, and taut skin
-Loss of hair on the lower legs
-Diminished or absent pulses (lesion) at any point in LE circulation
 Ulcers develop from inadequate circulation
 High risk for gangrene
-Pallor of foot with leg elevation
-Pain at rest
 Occurs in the foot or toes
 Aggravated by limb elevation
 Occurs from insufficient blood flow
 Occurs more often at night

Question 24

Peripheral Vascular Disease presentation

Answer 24

ARMS
 Raynaud phenomenon
 Lymphedema
Legs
 Arterial-ischemic ulcer
 Venous (stasis) ulcer
 Superficial varicose veins
 Deep vein thrombophlebitis
Aneurysms
Occlusions

Question 25

Lymphatic system includes…

Answer 25

spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and lymph channels, as well as the tonsils and adenoids.

Question 26

what does lymphatic system do?

Answer 26

Drains excess fluid from body tissues/interstitial spaces and
returns it to the venous circulation

Question 27

superficial lymph nodes

Answer 27

 Cervical nodes
 Axillary nodes
 Nodes in the arms and legs

Question 28

Lymphatic system functions

Answer 28

 Continuously filters blood
 Filters foreign material: engulf cellular debris and bacteria and produce antibodies
 Form a major part of immune system that defends body against disease
 Serves as a reservoir for T-cells and B-cells
 Conserve fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
 Absorb lipids from intestinal tract

Question 29

Superficial inguinal nodes

Answer 29

 Horizontal group
 Vertical group

Question 30

Lymphedema

Answer 30

buildup of lymphatic fluid in the body, obstructed lymphatic drainage, is usually not
compressible.

Question 31

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 31

enlarged/swollen lymph nodes, with or without tenderness.
 Can be local or generalized
 Can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections