Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuroinflammation > peripheral neuropathy > Flashcards

peripheral neuropathy Flashcards

1
Q

what is a neuropathy?

A

disorder of the nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a mononeuropathy?

A

problem with one nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is polyneuropathy?

A

problem with many nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is mono neuropathy multiplex?

A

problems with lots of individual nerves. (different from polyneuropathy as nerves are disseminated and damage is not related)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a common example of a mononeuropathy?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the defining features of a polyneuropathy/peripheral neuropathy

A

symmetrical and length dependant

can be:

sensory

motor

sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what pain feature is often common with polyneuropathy/peripheral neuropathy?

A

allodynia

oversensitivity to sensory stimuli

pain due to sensory stimulus that would not ordinarily cause pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the common features of mononeuropathy multiplex?

A

asymmetrical

random patchy process

vasculitis

inflammatory process

immune process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can peripheral neuropathies be classified?

A

according to:

nerves affected

hereditary or acquired

axonal or demyelinating

inflammatory, non-inflammatory

acute or chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the four commonest causes of peripheral neuropathies

A

diabetes
idiopathic

leprosy
hiv (in other countries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some uncommon causes of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Deficiency states e.g. B12 /Folate

Alcohol/Toxins/Drugs

Hereditary Neuropathies

Paraneoplastic Syndromes

Metabolic abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what investigations can be performed for peripheral neuropathies?

A

history and examination

+/- neuropathy screen

+/- vasculitis screen

+/- EMG/NCS

+/- CSF study

+/- nerve biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what blood tests should be conducted in a neuropathy?

A

FBC
ESR

UECR, RBS, TFT, CRP
serum electrophoresis

B12 folate

Anti Gliadin

(TPHA, HIV)

tumour markers?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what blood tests should be conducted for vasculitis?

A

FBC, ESR

UECr, CRP

ANA, ENA, ANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can you treat a neuropathy

A

idiopathic- supportive

neuropathic analgesia (gabepentin, amitrptyline)

treat, remove underling cause eg DM/gluten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the featues of hereditary neuropathy?

A

tend to be symmetrical

length dependent • i.e. polyneuropathy / peripheral neuropathy

17
Q

name three common causes of hereditary neuropathy

A

charcot marie tooth disease (CMT)

hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN)

axonal/demyelinating or mixed

18
Q

what are the clinical signs of CMT

A

slow over many years

length dependant

motor or sensory

sometimes very little symptoms but signs present

pes cavus

19
Q

what is pes cavus

A

clawing of the foot

high arch & relatively stiff

20
Q

what are the four main categories of CMT?

A

CMT1 (demyelinating)

CMT2 (Axonal)

X LINKED

intermediate CMT

21
Q

CMT1 AND 2 are either:

A

autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive

22
Q

what gene is commonly responsible for AD cmt1a

A

PMP22

23
Q

what is PMP22

A

peripheral myelin protein gene on chromosome 22

24
Q

mutations of PMP22 can cause?

A

CMT1a

25
Q

deletions in PMP22 can cause?

A

HLPP/ HNPP

hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies

26
Q

what does PMP do?

A

makes the protein which forms part of the schwann cells /myelin sheath

27
Q

can can deletion lead to demyelination

A

overproduction of PMP22 due to duplication leads to interuption in PMP processing and interupts other Schwann cell functions •

without PMP22, myelin is unstable and degenerates - demyelination

28
Q

what is CMT1b

A

much less common varient of CMT

MPZ mutation

can be classical CMT or more severe and early onset

29
Q

what are the three types of CMT2

A

CLASSICAL

CMT2 +sensory (especially if pain)

CMT+ upper limb onset

neuroinflammation (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions