Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) And Special Senses Flashcards
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
The PNS consists of all nervous system cells and structures located _________ _________ _________.
Outside the CNS
What are the different types of sensory nerves? (Classified by location)
Exoreceptors (near body surface)
Interoceptors (within body - visceral)
Proprioceptors (skeletal muscle, tendons, joints, ligaments)
What are the types of sensory neurons? (Classified by stimulus type)
Mechanoreceptors (touch, pressure, vibration, stretch) Thermoreceptors (temperature) Chemoreceptors (chemicals) Photoreceptors (light) Nociceptors (damaging stimuli)
Primary sensory neurons are within the ______ ________ or ____________ and will synapse with secondary sensory neurons which project to the _________
Spinal cord, brainstem, thalamus.
Neurons which descend from the primary motor cortex are called?
Upper motor neurons
Neurons that exit the ventricle horns of the spinal cord an synapse with the skeletal muscle are called
Lower motor neurons
Lower motor neurons synapse directly with skeletal muscle fibres at a _____________ _____ (NMJ)
Neuromuscular junction
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for motor output to ?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands (involuntary)
The automatic nervous system is divided into which two systems?
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
The outermost layer of protective tissue around each neuron is called?
Endoneurium
The outer layer of a NERVE is called?
Epineurium
True or false: Apart from the vagus nerve, the cranial nerves regulate special functions in our head and neck
True
Segments of spinal nerves
Cervical 8 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacral 5 Coccygeal 1
True of false: Spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor neurons
True
The special senses include:
Vision Hearing Taste Smell Equilibrium
The eye is composed of the following:
3 layers of tunics (outer, middle, inner)
Lens
Fluid filled segment
The outer tunic of the eye is fibrous and includes the _______ which allows light into the eye and the _______ which protects the eye.
Cornea
Sclera
Specialised receptor cells for smells are within the ___________ __________ located on the roof of the nasal cavity.
Olfactory epithelium
The different taste sensations are:
Sweet Sour Salty Bitter Umami
The structure of the ear is divided into which 3 areas?
External ear
Middle ear
Internal ear
Equilibrium only requires structures within the ________ ________
Inner ear
