Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

What are the three sensory nerves?

Answer 1

Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Auditory or Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Question 2

Cranial nerves with both sensory and motor functions

Answer 2

CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, respectively.

Question 3

Give the 12 cranial nerves.

Answer 3

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 4

cranial nerve innervates first pharyngeal arch (muscles of mastication)

Answer 4

trigeminal (CN V)

Question 5

innervates second pharyngeal arch (muscles of the facial expression)

Answer 5

facial (CN VII)

Question 6

What are the three meningeal layers?

Answer 6

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 7

innervates third pharyngeal muscles

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal or CN IX

Question 8

innervates 4 and 6 pharyngeal arches (muscles of pharynx, larynx and esophagus)

Answer 8

vagus or CN X

Question 9

peripheral nervous system is derived from?

Answer 9

neural crest cells

Question 10

form satellite cells of the nerve cell bodies w/in
ganglia

Answer 10

amphicytes

Question 11

connective tissue cells of the PNS are called?

Answer 11

neurolemmocytes

Question 12

has two (2) processes, 1 axon and 1 dendrite

Answer 12

bipolar neuron

Question 13

has three (3) or more processes: one (1) axon and 2 or more dendrites

Answer 13

multipolar neuron

Question 14

has two (2) processes that arise separately from the cell body, fuse for a while to form 1 process and divide shortly thereafter into axon and dendrite

Answer 14

pseudounipolar neuron

Question 15

has only one process, the axon

Answer 15

unipolar neuron

Question 16

conduct impulses from the receptor organs to
the CNS (ex. touching a hot surface, these neurons present in your skin will send signals to the nervous system about the information)

Answer 16

sensory or afferent neurons

Question 17

conduct impulses from the CNS to target organs (ex. snapping your finger)

Answer 17

motor or efferent neurons

Question 18

transfer sensory impulses from
sensory neurons to efferent neurons

Answer 18

Association neurons or interneurons

Question 19

innervate voluntary muscles and structures w/ epithelia derived from ectoderm like skin

Answer 19

somatic neurons

Question 20

innervate involuntary muscles and structures derived from splanchnopleure like blood vessels and visceral organs

Answer 20

visceral neurons

Question 21

located entirely in the PNS

Answer 21

postganglionic neuron

Question 22

w/ a cell body in the CNS (nucleus)
the axon extends into the PNS

Answer 22

preganglionic neuron

Question 23

an axon of neuron and its sheath that connects peripheral structures w/ the brain or spinal cord

Answer 23

nerve fiber

Question 24

are myelinated nerves segmentally arranged along the spinal cord

Answer 24

spinal nerve

Question 25

cell bodies of the nerves are either BURIED in the CNS to form ________; or MASSED at some point along the nerve to form _______

Answer 25

nuclei, ganglia

Question 26

Majority of the nerves in the PNS end and begin in the spinal cord and are therefore called

Answer 26

spinal nerves

Question 27

At what hour of incubation, does the establishment of spinal nerve root begin? The adult spinal nerve connects w/ the spinal cord by two (2) roots: dorsal root and ventral root.

Answer 27

96 hours

Question 28

The ________ is the pathway for sensory (afferent) nerve fibers and the ______ for motor (efferent) nerve fibers.

Answer 28

dorsal root, ventral root

Question 29

The neural crests at the level of the spinal cord become the?

Answer 29

spinal ganglia or dorsal root ganglia

Question 30

Spinal ganglia are located on the dorsal roots between the spinal cord and the point of union of ventral and dorsal roots. Distal to the union is a branch, ________, which extends ventrad to the sympathetic ganglion.

Answer 30

ramus communicans

Question 31

conduct impulses from afferent nerve endings for touch, pain and temperature in the skin to the spinal cord

Answer 31

Exteroceptive GSA spinal nerves

Question 32

conduct impulses for positional sense from joints, tendons and muscles to the spinal cord

Answer 32

Proprioceptive GSA spinal nerves

Question 33

Arise from olfactory hair cells and terminate in the rhinencephalon

Answer 33

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Question 34

Arise from sensory neurons in RETINA and terminate in the superior colliculus of corpora quadrigemina in the brainstem

Answer 34

Optic nerve (CN II)

Question 35

Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the inferior oblique and the superior, inferior and internal rectus muscles of the eyeball

Answer 35

Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 36

Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the superior oblique muscle of the eye

Answer 36

trochlear nerve

Question 37

Three main divisions that arise from the semilunar ganglion:

Answer 37

a. Opthalmic, b. Maxillary, and c. Mandibular divisions

Question 38

Arise from the basal plate of myelencephalon and terminate in the external rectus muscle of the eyeball. When it contracts it rotates the eyeball outward (abduction)

Answer 38

abducens

Question 39

arise from the taste buds and terminate in the brain

Answer 39

sensory fibers of facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 40

gives off short afferent nerve fibers that supply the semicircular canal, utricule and saccule and receive stimuli for the sense of equilibrium (balance)

Answer 40

vestibular ganglion (Auditory/CN VIII)

Question 41

extend to the skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and the smooth muscles of visceral organs

Answer 41

motor fibers of vagus nerve

Question 42

arise from the posterior myelencephalon and the first 5 or 6 segments of spinal cord and extend to the smooth muscles of the viscera

Answer 42

motor fibers of accessory nerve

Question 43

supply the skeletal muscles of tongue

Answer 43

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 44

carry impulses from the eye and ear (involved in the relationship of the animal to external environment) to the alar plate of the brain

Answer 44

special somatic afferent

Question 45

conduct impulses from the basal plate of the brain to skeletal muscles w/ visceral functions

Answer 45

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)

Question 46

carry impulses from the chemoreceptors in the olfactory epithelium and taste buds to the alar plate of brain

Answer 46

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)