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embryology finals > Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sensory nerves?

A

Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Auditory or Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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2
Q

Cranial nerves with both sensory and motor functions

A

CN V, CN VII, CN IX, CN X

Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, respectively.

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3
Q

Give the 12 cranial nerves.

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

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4
Q

cranial nerve innervates first pharyngeal arch (muscles of mastication)

A

trigeminal (CN V)

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5
Q

innervates second pharyngeal arch (muscles of the facial expression)

A

facial (CN VII)

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6
Q

What are the three meningeal layers?

A

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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7
Q

innervates third pharyngeal muscles

A

glossopharyngeal or CN IX

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8
Q

innervates 4 and 6 pharyngeal arches (muscles of pharynx, larynx and esophagus)

A

vagus or CN X

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9
Q

peripheral nervous system is derived from?

A

neural crest cells

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10
Q

form satellite cells of the nerve cell bodies w/in
ganglia

A

amphicytes

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11
Q

connective tissue cells of the PNS are called?

A

neurolemmocytes

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12
Q

has two (2) processes, 1 axon and 1 dendrite

A

bipolar neuron

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13
Q

has three (3) or more processes: one (1) axon and 2 or more dendrites

A

multipolar neuron

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14
Q

has two (2) processes that arise separately from the cell body, fuse for a while to form 1 process and divide shortly thereafter into axon and dendrite

A

pseudounipolar neuron

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15
Q

has only one process, the axon

A

unipolar neuron

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16
Q

conduct impulses from the receptor organs to
the CNS (ex. touching a hot surface, these neurons present in your skin will send signals to the nervous system about the information)

A

sensory or afferent neurons

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17
Q

conduct impulses from the CNS to target organs (ex. snapping your finger)

A

motor or efferent neurons

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18
Q

transfer sensory impulses from
sensory neurons to efferent neurons

A

Association neurons or interneurons

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19
Q

innervate voluntary muscles and structures w/ epithelia derived from ectoderm like skin

A

somatic neurons

20
Q

innervate involuntary muscles and structures derived from splanchnopleure like blood vessels and visceral organs

A

visceral neurons

21
Q

located entirely in the PNS

A

postganglionic neuron

22
Q

w/ a cell body in the CNS (nucleus)
the axon extends into the PNS

A

preganglionic neuron

23
Q

an axon of neuron and its sheath that connects peripheral structures w/ the brain or spinal cord

A

nerve fiber

24
Q

are myelinated nerves segmentally arranged along the spinal cord

A

spinal nerve

25
Q

cell bodies of the nerves are either BURIED in the CNS to form ________; or MASSED at some point along the nerve to form _______

A

nuclei, ganglia

26
Q

Majority of the nerves in the PNS end and begin in the spinal cord and are therefore called

A

spinal nerves

27
Q

At what hour of incubation, does the establishment of spinal nerve root begin? The adult spinal nerve connects w/ the spinal cord by two (2) roots: dorsal root and ventral root.

A

96 hours

28
Q

The ________ is the pathway for sensory (afferent) nerve fibers and the ______ for motor (efferent) nerve fibers.

A

dorsal root, ventral root

29
Q

The neural crests at the level of the spinal cord become the?

A

spinal ganglia or dorsal root ganglia

30
Q

Spinal ganglia are located on the dorsal roots between the spinal cord and the point of union of ventral and dorsal roots. Distal to the union is a branch, ________, which extends ventrad to the sympathetic ganglion.

A

ramus communicans

31
Q

conduct impulses from afferent nerve
endings for touch, pain and temperature in the skin to the spinal cord

A

Exteroceptive GSA spinal nerves

32
Q

conduct impulses for positional sense from joints, tendons and muscles to the spinal cord

A

Proprioceptive GSA spinal nerves

33
Q

Arise from olfactory hair cells and terminate in the rhinencephalon

A

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

34
Q

Arise from sensory neurons in RETINA and terminate in the superior colliculus of
corpora quadrigemina in the brainstem

A

Optic nerve (CN II)

35
Q

Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the inferior oblique and the superior, inferior and internal rectus muscles of the eyeball

A

Oculomotor (CN III)

36
Q

Arise from the basal plate of mesencephalon and terminate in the superior oblique muscle of the eye

A

trochlear nerve

37
Q

Three main divisions that arise from the semilunar ganglion:

A

a. Opthalmic, b. Maxillary, and c. Mandibular divisions

38
Q

Arise from the basal plate of myelencephalon and terminate in the external rectus
muscle of the eyeball. When it contracts it rotates the eyeball outward (abduction)

A

abducens

39
Q

arise from the taste buds and terminate in the brain

A

sensory fibers of facial nerve (CN VII)

40
Q

gives off short afferent nerve fibers that supply the semicircular canal, utricule and saccule and receive stimuli for the sense of equilibrium (balance)

A

vestibular ganglion (Auditory/CN VIII)

41
Q

extend to the skeletal muscles of pharynx and larynx and the smooth muscles of visceral organs

A

motor fibers of vagus nerve

42
Q

arise from the posterior myelencephalon and the first 5 or 6 segments of spinal cord and extend to the smooth muscles of the viscera

A

motor fibers of accessory nerve

43
Q

supply the skeletal muscles of tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

44
Q

carry impulses from the eye and ear (involved in the relationship of the animal to external environment) to the alar plate of the brain

A

special somatic afferent

45
Q

conduct impulses from the basal plate of the brain to skeletal muscles w/ visceral functions

A

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)

46
Q

carry impulses from the chemoreceptors in the olfactory epithelium and taste buds to the alar plate of brain

A

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

embryology finals (5 decks)

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