Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Chondroblasts secrete amorphous ground substance and collagen fibers to form the?

Answer 1

cartilage matrix

Question 2

Long and cylindrical w/ many nuclei located at the periphery of the cell.

Answer 2

Skeletal or striated or voluntary myocyte

Question 3

How many percent of comprises do skeletal myocyte comprises of the total body weight?

Answer 3

Skeletal or striated or voluntary myocyte comprises 40 – 45 % of the total body weight

Question 4

spindle-shaped, found in the walls of tubular and visceral organs

Answer 4

Smooth or visceral or involuntary myocyte

Question 5

comprises the myocardium of the heart

Answer 5

cardiac myocytes

Question 6

myotomal cells that become elongated is called

Answer 6

myoblasts

Question 7

synthesize myosin and actin

Answer 7

myoblasts

Question 8

Muscle development requires

Answer 8

innervations

Question 9

muscles and tendons must be _______ _____ (stretched by growing bone) in order to grow proper lengths

Answer 9

under tension

Question 10

Epimere becomes _____ _______and the hypomere becomes the _____ ______

Answer 10

epaxial muscles, hypaxial muscles

Question 11

by delamination forms mesenchymal cells that elongate to form myoblasts

Answer 11

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 12

Cardiac muscle cells are joined together by intercellular connections called

Answer 12

intercalated discs

Question 13

the connective tissue that includes mesenchymal, mucoid, areolar adipose tissue

Answer 13

loose connective tissue

Question 14

tendons, ligaments

Answer 14

dense connective tissue

Question 15

two types of fibers secreted by fibroblasts

Answer 15

collagenous and elastic

Question 16

Mesenchymeal (chondrogenic) cells from mesoderm or ectoderm proliferate and
aggregate; become round and enlarged and are now termed

Answer 16

chondroblast

Question 17

Bone originates from?

Answer 17

paraxial mesoderm
somatic mesoderm
ectomesenchyme

Question 18

endochondral axial skeleton from sclerotome

Answer 18

paraxial mesoderm

Question 19

endochondral appendicular skeleton

Answer 19

somatic mesoderm

Question 20

intramembranous bones of the calvaria and face from neural crest

Answer 20

ectomesenchyme

Question 21

these are bone eaters

Answer 21

osteoclasts

Question 22

bone trabeculae interconnect to form

Answer 22

cancellous bone

Question 23

two articulating ends of the bones has a
a smooth surface lubricated by what fluid in the joint cavity?

Answer 23

synovial fluid

Question 24

osteoblasts that are trapped in lacunae w/in the bone trabeculae and become non-secretory

Answer 24

osteocytes

Question 25

osteocytes present cytoplasmic processes that radiate into the matrix through tiny bone channels called

Answer 25

canaliculi

Question 26

bone with large intertrabecular spaces

Answer 26

cancellous or spongy bone

Question 27

intertrabecular spaces are occupied by blood-forming cells

Answer 27

red bone marrow (marrow spaces/marrow cavities)

Question 28

Vertebrae are formed from?

Answer 28

sclerotome

Question 29

osteoblasts secrete bone matrix that replaces the cartilage model with a bony vertebra made up of

Answer 29

cancellous bone

Question 30

Portion of notochord within the intervertebral discs persists as a mucoid structure called

Answer 30

nucleus pulposus

Question 31

Sclerotomal mesenchymal cells lateral to the thoracic vertebrae differentiates into

Answer 31

cartilaginous ribs

Question 32

cartilaginous ribs are destroyed and replaced by?

Answer 32

bony ribs (cancellous bone)

Question 33

lateral deviation of vertebral column

Answer 33

scoliosis

Question 34

Viscerocranium develop by?

Answer 34

intramembranous ossification

Question 35

Intramembranous bones articulate by means of fibrous joints called

Answer 35

sutures

Question 36

Widened suture areas, at the corners of growing bones are called

Answer 36

fontanels

Question 37

bones that form the face and surround the oral cavity, pharynx and upper respiratory tract

Answer 37

viscerocranium

Question 38

Ectomesenchymal cells around prosencephalon completely envelop the prosencephalon to form the

Answer 38

frontonasal prominence

Question 39

abnormal maturation of the hip joint that results in formation of a shadow acetabulum and flattened femoral head. Inherited and associated w/ large, muscular breeds of dog. Onset of signs may occur at 3 – 5 months of age

Answer 39

hip dysplasia

Question 40

limb growing from the back of the animal

Answer 40

notomelia

Question 41

reduced size of a limb

Answer 41

micromelia

Question 42

shortened or stumpy digits

Answer 42

brachydactyly

Question 43

muscle cell growth is due solely to?

Answer 43

cellular hypertrophy

Question 44

chondroblasts become embedded in the cartilage matrix in spaces called

Answer 44

lacunae

Question 45

inner mesenchymal cell layer of perichondrium differentiates into ______ that eventually become additional chondroblasts

Answer 45

chondrogenic cells

Question 46

occurs in most bones of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Answer 46

Endochondral bone development

Question 47

condensed sclerotomal cells chondrify and grow together to form a longitudinal ______ _______ ventral and rostral to the brain

Answer 47

cartilaginous trough

Question 48

optic capsule does not chondrify in ______ and becomes the fibrous sclera of the eye.

Answer 48

mammals