Peripheral nerves and Skeletal muscle

Question 1

what is Guillain-Barré syndrome

Answer 1

demyelinating of the peripheral nerves caused by some kind of virus

leads to ascending paralysis which can affect the respiratory system

Question 2

what is the Varicella-Zoster Virus (shingles)

Answer 2

activation of latent chickenpox virus

causes degeneration of the axons of the peripheral nerves

Question 3

what are the two most common factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Answer 3

1.) atherosclerosis of vessels
2.) destruction of peripheral nerves

Question 4

which gender is more affect by Myasthenia gravis

Answer 4

females 2:1

Question 5

what is the organization of the skeletal muscle from largest to smallest

Answer 5

muscle
fascicle
fiber
sarcolemma
myofibrils

Question 6

what is a neurogenic injury

Answer 6

injury that causes disruption of muscle innervation

leads to fiber atrophy, giving them a flattened, angular shape

Question 7

what are the three morphologic changes of a myopathic injury

Answer 7

1.) segmental myofiber degeneration and regeneration
2.) myofiber hypertrophy
3.) cytoplasmic inclusions

Question 8

what is seen histologically in inclusion body myositis

Answer 8

rimmed vacuoles

Question 9

what is seen histologically in polymyositis

Answer 9

necrotic, regenerating, and atrophic myofibers in a patchy distribution

Question 10

what is the most common cause of a drug myopathy

Answer 10

cholesterol lowering drugs like statins

Question 11

which type of toxic myopathy is seen with corticosteroid therapy

Answer 11

ICU myopathy (myosin deficient myopathy)

Question 12

what is myotonic dystrophy

Answer 12

multi system genetic disorder associated with muscle weakness, cataracts, and cardiomyopathy

Question 13

where do peripheral nerve sheath tumors come from

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

what is an Antoni B

Answer 14

hypocellular area with myxoid extracellular matrix seen in a schwannoma

Question 15

what are diffuse neurofibromas

Answer 15

large, plaque like lesions of the skin

Question 16

what is most commonly seen histologically in a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)

Answer 16

arrangement of spindle cells

Question 17

which three conditions are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1

Answer 17

1.) cafe au lait spots
2.) cutaneous neurofibromas
3.) Lisch nodules

Question 18

what is a lisch nodule

Answer 18

melanocytic hamartoma projecting from the surface of the iris

Question 19

which two conditions are often associated with neurofibromatosis type 2

Answer 19

1.) acoustic neuromas
2.) vestibular schwannomas