Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 - Cardiovascular Medicine > Peripheral Artery Disease > Flashcards

Peripheral Artery Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Définition

A

narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries (virtually always lower) causing ischemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes

A

vasculitis
buerger’s disease
atherosclerosis ( common )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Main arteries affected

A

aorto-illiac arteries
intrainguinal arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Incidence in men and women

A

7% of middle aged men and 4.5% of middle aged women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prognosis

A

good prognosis but patients usually die of myocardial infarction complications or stroke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Etiology

A

• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Age
• Hypertension
• Infection
• Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parhogenesis

A

Narrowing of artery -> decreased blood flow -> ischemia -> release of NO -> vessel damage -> claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spectrum of symptoms of PAD

A

Asymptomatic
Pain
Ache
Tiredness
Tightness
Rest pain, poor wound healing , impending or overt gangrene when severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical features

A

• Intermittent claudification
Ischemic muscle pain usually felt in the calf Typically pain con
• Critical limb ischemia
Rest pain requiring opiate analgesia
Gangrene present for 2 weeks
Presence of ankle BP less than 50mmHg
• Acute limb ischemia
Paralysis and paresthesia
Pain on squeezing calf
Symptom
Pan
Pallor
Pulselessn
Perishing
• Atheroembolism -> Blue fingers
Paraesthes
Paralyses
• Subclavian steal
Dizziness
Cortical blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

6 Ps in PAD

A

Pain
Paresthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

 Incidence

A

20% of individuals 55 to 75 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common symptom of the PAD

A

Intermittent claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Percentage of patients that’s progress to a point where amputation or revascularization are required

A

1 to 2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cause of death in PAD

A

Myocardial infarction
stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Percentage of patients with PAD that have diabetes

A

5 to 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Particular mechanism of PAD in patient with diabetes

A

Atheroma formation affecting medium size to large arteries rather than obstructive microangiopathy

17
Q

Which part of the body is mostly affected by PAD

A

The legs eight time more than the arms

18
Q

Main vessel affected by PAd

A

Aortoiliac vessels
Femoropopliteal vessels
Infra-popliteal vessels
Subclavian artery in the arm

19
Q

Clinical features of PAD

A

Intermittent claudication
Critical limb ischemia
Acute limb ischemia
Atheroembolism,
subclavian steal

20
Q

Characteristics of intermittent claudication

A

Pain after walking and rapidly subsides on resting

21
Q

What is critical limb ischemia?

A

Rests pain requiring opiateanalgesia, and/or ulceration/ gangrene that has been present more than two weeks with ankle BP less than 50 mmHg

22
Q

Types of peripheral vascular disease in diabetes

A

Arterial calcification
Immunocompromise
Multisystem arterial disease
Distal disease
Sensory neuropathy
Motor neuropathy
Autonomic neuropathy

23
Q

Six P’s of acute limb ischemia

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Perishing cold
Paraesthesia
Paralysis

24
Q

What is a atheroembolism ?

A

Small emboli lodging in small arteries getting to blue fingers in general

25
Q

What is subclavian steal?

A

Dizziness, cortical blindness, and collapse, due to diversion of blood from the brain to the limbs, especially the arms via the vertebral artery

26
Q

Investigation

A

Clinical exam
ankle brachial pressure index
Duplex ultrasonography
MRI,
CT with contrast,
lipid profile
blood glucose

27
Q

How do you find the ankle brachial pressure index?

A

Divide highest systolic ankle blood pressure to the highest systolic brachial blood pressure

28
Q

Classification of ankle brachial pressure index

A

Over 1.0 - healthy
0.5 to 0.9 - l’intermittent claudication
Less than 0.5. - critical limb ischemia

29
Q

Management

A

Smoking cessation
regular exercise
anti-platelet agents ( aspirin, clopidogrel )
reduction of cholesterol with statins, diet , weight loss
treatment of diabetes mellitus
associated conditions treatment ( hypertension, anemia, heart failure )

30
Q

What is the buergers disease?

A

Inflammatory disease of arteries, present in young male smokers, which affect distal arteries with claudication in the feet ,or rest pain in the fingers or toes ,with absent wrist and ankle pulses

31
Q

What is raynaud syndrome?

A

He’s order affecting young women with blue color in cold temperatures

2 - Cardiovascular Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions