Periparturient Disorders and C-Section Flashcards
inflammation of mammary gland caused by infectious agent (bacteria)
less common than in cats
Mastitis
What is the typical signalment of mastitis
Nursing bitch (rarely pseudocyesis)
-Small litters
-Large litters
Firm, reddened, painful mammary gland
-One or multiple glands
-Abnormal milk
a common condition where unspayed female dogs exhibit signs of pregnancy, such as mammary gland enlargement and milk production, even though they are not pregnant
pseudocyesis
What might happen if you spay a dog in late diestrus
Pseudocyesis
-milk and mammary gland development
What atre the clinical signs of mastitis
1) Hot, painful glands
2) Fever, lethargy, anorexia
3) Neglecting neonates
4) Pups not gaining weight
What is the cause of mastitis
1) Ascending infection (although hematogenous spread possible)
2) Milk congestion (galactostasis)
-Infrequent milk expression leads to gland congestion
-Ascending bacterial infection (Ecoli, Strep, Staph)
What can happen if puppies do not nurse frequently
Mastitis from
Milk congestion (galactostasis)
-Infrequent milk expression leads to gland congestion
-Ascending bacterial infection (Ecoli, Strep, Staph)
What are the risk factors for mastitis development
1) Infrequent nursing - galactostasis
2) Poor sanitary conditions
3) Trauma
How do you typically diagnose mastitis
-Usually history and PE
-CBC: leukocytosis in severe cases
-Chem: usually in normal limits
-Cytology: milk discharge often reveals inflammatory cells
-Culture: always culture milk/discharge (even if it appears normal)
-FNA v Expression
What should you always do for mastitis cases
always culture milk discharge (even if it appears normal)
culture contents from FNA or expression
How do you treat mastitis cases *
1) Supportive: can present severely ill (dehydration, shock)- IV fluid therapy, IV antibiotics
2) Pain/Inflammation
-Patients are significantly painful
-Base therapy knowing all meds will be passed to nursing offspring
-Hot packing- encourage drainage
-Cabbage leaves: alternating warm/cool. Glucosinolates reduce inflammation
3) Antimicrobial therapy: all will be passed in milk
start with broad spectrum and base final decision on culture
-Probiotics for dam and offspring
4) Keep glands expressed
-Hand stripping
-Keep pups nursing (controversial)
5) Surgery
-Abscess drainage might be necessary in severe cases
-Mastectomy
What should you not give for mastitis because it will be passed to the puppies
beware of NSAIDs bad for developing kidneys)
What antimicrobial therapy should you use for mastitis
Start with broad spectrum and base final decision on culture
-Typically start with beta-lactams
avoid fluroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides
no milk production
somewhat uncommon in canine and feline
Agalactia
