Canine Alopecia- nonpruritic, non-inflammatory Flashcards
the absence of hair, focal or generalized
alopecia
Allergies wont cause alopecia unless
1) Secondary bacterial infection
2) Traumatic - scratching out hairs
How can you make sure alopecia is traumatic
trichogram - see if the remnants of the hairs are sheered off
What is most common cause of hyperpigmentation
Inflammation
What are differentials for nonpruritic, noninflammatory alopecia
1) Hypothyroidism
2) Hyperadrenocorticism
3) Sex hormone dermatosis
4) Flank alopecia
5) Post-clipping alopecia
6) Color dilution alopecia
7) Teelogen effluvium
8) Pattern baldness
Hormonal alopecia presents as ____ ***
truncal hair loss sparing the head and distal extremities
What is resting phase of hair
telogen
What is growing phase of hair
Anagen
How might you treat follicular dysplasia (flank alopecia)
Melatonin - about 50-50 give about 5mg Nature’s Bounty Melatonin
How might you treat post-clipping alopecia
Melatonin - about 50-50 give about 5mg Nature’s Bounty Melatonin
gets the hair out of the telagen phase
What causes color dilution alopecia
genetics - ex: Dobermans
selected to dilute hair coat color but melanin is clumped in the keratin. Not enough keratin to support hair and it breaks, thus causing alopecia
How might you treat color dilution alopecia
No treatment
How do you cure pattern baldness
No cure
What breeds get Alopecia X
wooly breeds
-Chow Chow
-Samoyed
-Keeshond
-Husky
-Malamute
-Norweigan elkhound
-American Eskimo
T/F: dogs with Alopecia X are systemically normal
true
What causes Alopecia X
appears to be a follicular signaling problem, likely associated with adrenal hormones and stuff
-response to hormone stimulators/inhibitors
-hair transplants (mice) restore growth
How do you diagnose Alopecia X
Biopsy - flame follicles
catagen hairs with tricholemmal keratin at follicular base
might need to do Sex Hormone assay? (Tennessee)
How might you treat Alopecia X
1) Benign neglect (cosmetic)
2) Neutering (males)
3) Melatonin (40%) - 3-9mg PO BID or SQ implant (Dermatonin)
4) Trilostane (85%)- requires monitoring, dont really do
5) Deslorelin (GnRH agonist)-implant - works in intact males
6) Microneedling? for intact males
7) Phovia light therapy
another word for dandruff
scale
What causes sebaceous adenitis
immune mediated disease (idiopathic) that targets sebaceous glands
no sebaceous glands = dry skin
What breeds typically get sebaceous adenitis
Standard poodle, Samoyed, Akita
When doing a trichogram, what will the hair look like in a dog with sebaceous adenitis
follicular casting
What is a hallmark of sebaceous adenitis
Severe hypotrichosis with adherent scale
Follicular casting
Pruritus if concurrent allergy/infection
How do you diagnose sebaceous adenitis
Biopsy - see no sebaceous glands
sometimes pyogranulomatous variant
nodular form (less common)
need OFA breed registry for SA
T/F: sebaceous adenitis is not itchy
True- but often itchy because of concurrent allergy/ infection
How do you treat sebaceous adenitis
Option 1: Topical therapy - mineral oil at least once a week. cumbersome to do but cheap
Option 2: Systemic Therapy ie Cyclosporine
both together work the best
lifetime treatment
Adjuncts: Douxo Seborrhea spray/shampoo
What is topical therapy for sebaceous adenitis
Alpha keri bath oil (mineral/lanolin, PEG-4)
30 minutes to apply, soak (at least)
30 minutes to rinse off (Dawn)
Weekly
Worse before better
remove fake hair
Cheap but time consuming
What is systemic therapy for sebaceous adenitis
Oral cyclosporine 5mgkg/day
takes 4-6 weeks for full effect
watch out for vomiting/diarrhea
gingival hyperplasia
taper to effect
expensive
What is most effective treatment for sebaceous adentitis
Combination cyclosporine/topical oil therapy likely most effective; adequate response to therapy may be 3-4 months
