periorbital region board Flashcards
What is analogous to the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurotica in the lower eyelid?
Capsulopalpebral fascia
What is the cause of senile ptosis?
Attenuation of the levator aponeurosis.
What is the cause of classic congenital ptosis?
Inadequate/nonexistent levator function
What is the most appropriate procedure for congenital ptosis?
Frontalis sling
In senile ptosis, what happens to the supratarsal crease?
The crease becomes cephalically displaced because of adhesion between the levator aponeurosis and dermis. The
superior crease moves with attenuation of the aponeurosis.
What is the classic treatment of senile ptosis?
Levator advancement/reinsertion
What is the most common cause of postsurgical lower ectropion?
The combination of lower eyelid laxity with scarring/traction on the capsulopalpebral fascia-septum interface
What is the preferred treatment of lower eyelid ectropion?
Canthoplasty with capsulopalpebral spacer graft (AlloDerm, autologous dermis, palate mucosa, etc).
What is the most commonly injured muscle in a blowout fracture?
Inferior oblique muscle, the only extraocular muscle to insert into bone directly
Where is the apex of the brow?
The lateral limbus of the eye in forward gaze.
What is considered an abnormal Schirmer’s test?
Less than 10 mm
What does correction of ptosis in one eye do in a bilateral case?
Correction will make the noncorrected side more ptotic, due to dual innervation—Hering’s law
How much of the eyelid can be sacrificed and primarily closed?
Up to 25% total lid loss can be primarily closed
What nerve travels in the floor of the orbit?
Infraorbital nerve
What muscles are responsible for medial brow retraction?
Corrugator, depressor supercili, and, to lesser extent, orbicularis oculi.
How many fat compartments are in the upper lid?
Two
How many fat components are in the lower eyelid?
Three
What separates the lower eyelid central and nasal fat pads?
Arcuate extension of Lockwood’s ligament.
What nerve opens the eye?
Cranial nerve III
What nerve closes the eye?
Cranial nerve VII
What findings make up Horner syndrome?
Blepharoptosis, pupil miosis, and facial anhidrosis
What is lagophthalmos?
Inability to close the eye