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Periopertive Nursing Flashcards

0
Q

Manifestations of hypokalemia in ECG

A

Prominent U wave
Flattened T wave
ST segment depression
Prolonged PR interval

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1
Q

Normal potassium level

A

3.5-5 meq/L

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2
Q

Electrolytes to counteract hyperkalemia

A

Calcium gluconate to antagonize cardiac effect

Sodium bicarbonate to reverse acidosis

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3
Q

Used as a K exchange resin

A

Kayexalate

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4
Q

Normal sodium level

A

135-145 meq/L

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5
Q

Management for hyponatremia

A

LR or 0.9 NaCl

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6
Q

Treatment for hypernatremia

A

D5W

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7
Q

Causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, sweating

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8
Q

Causes of euvolemic hyponatremia

A

Excessive water intake, and SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)

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9
Q

Causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Acute renal failure

Congestive heart failure

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10
Q

Normal calcium levels

A

4.5-5.5 meq/L

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11
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcemia

A 
Trousseau
Chvostek
Hyperactive DTRs
Laryngeal spasm
Dysrrhythmias
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12
Q

Normal magnesium levels

A

1.5- 3 meg/L

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13
Q

Arterial disorder with thrombotic and ifnalmmatory occlsions of small arteries and veins among smokers

A

Buerger’s disease

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14
Q

Arterial disorder with episodic spasm of small arteries and arterioles due to exposure to cold and emotional distress common in women

A

Raynaud’s disease

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15
Q

Management for hyperkalemia

A 
d50
Insulin
Sodium bicarbonate
Ca replacement
Alkaline environment
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16
Q

Most common causes of CRF are

A

Diabetic nephropathy
Hypertensive nephropathy
Glumerulonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis

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17
Q

Effect of chronic renal failure to Na, K, Ca, Phosphate

A

Hyponatremia then hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia

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18
Q

Stages of chronic renal failure

A

1: less than 90
2: 60-89
3: 30-59
4: 15-29
5: <15

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19
Q

Warning sign of pancreatitis

A

Rigid or board-like abdomen

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20
Q

Major cause of pancreatitis

A

Alcohol consumption

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21
Q

Signs of pancreatitis

A

Turner’s sign (bluish discoloration of the left flank)
Cullen’s sign (bluish discoloration of the periumbilical area)
Increased serum anylase and lipase level

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22
Q

Common h2 blockers

A

Ranitidine and cimetidine

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23
Q

Current drug of choice for pancreatitis

A

Morphine

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24
Desired glucosylated hemoglobin kevel
2.5-6%
25
Diagnostic tests for diabetes
RBS >200 mg/dl | FBS >126 mg/dl
26
3 components if graves disease
Hyperthyroidism Exopthalmos Dermopatht (skin lesions)
27
Medications for hyperthyroidism
Proprulthiouracil Methinazole Lugols solution (SSKI) Beta blockers
28
Earliest sign of thyroid storm
Hyperthermia
29
Signs of increasing ICP
Bradycardia LOC changes Altered respirations (cheyne stokes) Projectile vomiting
30
Cushing's triad
Hypertension Bradypnea Bradycardia
31
Etiologic agent of shistosomiasis
Schistosoma japonicum, mansoni, and haematobium
32
Intermediary host in schistosomiasis
Oncomelania quadrasi
33
Drug of choice for schistosomiasis
Praziquantel
34
Clinical manifestation of measles
Upper respiratory condition, escalating fever, conjucntivitis, and coryza, koplik's spots.
35
Etiologic agent of malaria
Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae
36
Transmits malaria
Female anopheles mosquito
37
Etiologic agent of filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, brugia timori
38
Drug of chocie for filariasis
Diethylcarbamazine citrate
39
Peak months if dengue
July to november
40
Drug of management to chicken pox
Acyclovir 800 mg 3x/day
41
Etiologic agent for diptheria
Klebs-Loeffler bacillus
42
Clinical manifestation of diptheria
Low grade fever and pseudomembrane
43
Screening and confirmatory test for AIDS
ELISA test Western Blot Decreased CD4
44
Number one opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis cariniu pneumonia
45
Pharmacologic management of AIDS
``` Zidovudine (Retrovir) Nevirapine (Viramune) Idinavir sulfate (Crizivan) ```
46
Symptoms of staphyloccocus
Diarrhea 2-6 hours after ingestion if spoiled carbohydrate rich food
47
Symptoms of salmonella poisoning
Abdominal pain after ingestion of spoiled protein rich food
48
Symptoms of botulism poisoning
Constipation 24 hours after ingestion if canned goods that are expired
49
Mgt for DKA
Rehydration Reverse acidosis Restore electrolytes
50
Late sign of malignant hyperthermia
Hyperthermia
51
Signs of malignant hyperthermia
Tachycardia (>150 bpm), hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, decreased cardiac output--> cardiac arrest
52
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
53
Virchow;s triad for deep vein thrombosis
Reduced blood flow Dilated veins Reduced skeletal muscle contraction
54
Antidote to morphine sulfate
Narcan
55
Digoxin toxicity
``` Vomiting Anorexia Nausea Diarrhea Abdominal pain ```
56
Earliest symptom of digoxin toxicity
GI symptoms
57
Late sign of digoxin toxicity
Halo vision
58
Common side effect of beta blockers
Fatigue
59
Antidote to digoxin
Digibind
60
DOC for MG
Pyridostigmine
61
DOC for PD
Levodopa + carbidpoa
62
SCI at C3-C5 leads to
Respiratory paralysis
63
SCI at C6-T1
Quadriplegia
64
SCI at T6 and below
Autonomic dysreflexia
65
Dysfunction in the labyrinth that produces vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus
meniere's disease
66
DOC for diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin
67
Precipitates myxedeme coma
Cold exposure, trauma, infection and depressants
68
DOC for adrenal insufficiency
Cortisone
69
Initial manifestation of adrenal crisis
Abdominal pain
70
DOC for adrenal crisis
Dexamethasone
71
Electorlye imbalance in cushings
Hypernat | Hyperkal
72
Cardinal signs of DKA
hypergly Degydration Acidosis Electrolyte loss

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