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Fundamentals > Perioperative Care > Flashcards

Perioperative Care Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia:

A

Anesthesia: medication/ agent to produce loss of consciousness, analgesia, relaxation and reflexes

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2
Q

Atelectasis:

A

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of lung

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3
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis:

A

clot formation in the deep veins in the legs

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4
Q

Elective surgery:

A

surgery that can be omitted or delayed; not essential

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5
Q

Emergency Surgery:

A

needs to be performed immediately to save life or organs

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6
Q

General Anesthesia:

A

given an inhalation or IV; causes CNS depression

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7
Q

Hemorrhage:

A

excessive blood loss

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8
Q

Hypothermia:

A

low body temp

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9
Q

Local Anesthesia:

A

injection of anesthetic medication at the site of surgery or pain (lidocaine)

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10
Q

Moderate sedation:

A

used for short-term for less invasive procedures

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11
Q

Never event:

A

preventable events in the surgical room, serious

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12
Q

Perioperative nursing:

A

Nursing activities in surgery, before an dafter

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13
Q

Perioperative Phase:

A

Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative

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14
Q

PACU-

A

Post anesthesia care unit

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15
Q

Regional Anesthesia:

A

medication injected near a nerve or nerve pathway

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16
Q

Shock:

A

acute peripheral circulatory failure due to loss of circulating fluid

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17
Q

Thrombophlebitis:

A

inflammation in a vein; related to thrombus formation

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18
Q

Time Out:

A

universal protocol in surgery, happens before surgery begins to confirm patient, procedure performing, and site.

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19
Q

Urgent Surgery:

A

not emergent; should be done in a timely manner to preserve health

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20
Q

Venous Thromboembolism:

A

blood clot that is dislodged and travels through the bloodstream

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21
Q

Ways procedures/surgeries are categorized: (3)

A
  1. Risk
  2. Timeliness
  3. Purpose
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22
Q

Types of Anesthesia (4):

A

Local
General
Topical
Moderate

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23
Q

Informed Consent

A
  • Process of effective communication to agree to a particular procedure/ treatment being provided
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24
Q

Advanced Directive

A

Legal document
Gives instructions to HC of what to do or not to do if they are unable to communicate through their care
EX: DNR/DNI

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25
Q

What is the nurses priority with a patient during the intraoperative phase?

A

Client Safety

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26
Q

What can diabetes mellitus do to affect surgical risks?

A

Slow wound healing

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27
Q

The nurse enters a postoperative client’s room and finds that the client is bleeding profusely from the surgical incision. What would be the nurse’s most appropriate initial response?

A

Apply pressure to the surgical site to decrease bleeding.

28
Q

The recovery nurse is caring for a surgical client who entered the PACU 30 minutes ago. The client’s blood pressure is dropping steadily while the client’s heart rate has doubled since admission. What is the nurse’s best action?

A

Prepare Interventions to resolve shock

29
Q

In the postoperative phase of abdominal surgery, the client reports severe abdominal pain. In the second postoperative day, the client’s bowel sounds are absent. What does the nurse suspect?

A

paralytic ileus

30
Q

When an older adult client is brought to the recovery room and presents with irregular, loud respirations, the nurse determines that this is most likely a result of:

A

Partial Airway Obstruction

31
Q

The nurse is assessing clients for postoperative complications. What is the most commonly assessed postanesthesia recovery emergency?

A

Respiratory obstruction

32
Q

A client had an open cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) 36 hours earlier, and the nurse’s assessment this morning confirms that the client has not yet had a bowel movement since prior to surgery. How should the nurse best respond to this assessment finding?

A

Monitor closely and encourage fluid intake

33
Q

The nurse-anesthetist is monitoring the client during surgery. He notices a ventricular dysrhythmia and unstable blood pressure. He notifies the surgeon. The operative team suspects:

A

Malignant hyperthermia

34
Q

The nurse working in the holding area is performing an assessment on a client scheduled for surgery. Which question will the nurse ask prior to the client receiving general anesthesia?

A

When did you eat and drink last?

35
Q

A client with a diagnosis of breast cancer has been scheduled for a unilateral mastectomy during an axillary lymph node dissection. Which categorizations of surgical procedures are represented in this client’s case? Select all that apply.

A

Diagnostic & Curative

36
Q

A client has presented to the outpatient surgical center for a scheduled procedure. Which action should the nurse perform prior to the procedure?

A

Check patients allergies

37
Q

The nurse is caring for a client after breast augmentation. Before performing a bowel assessment, what education will the nurse provide the client?

A

when taking opioids, it can stop peristalsis, if I can listen it will show me if peristalsis has been restored

38
Q

A client who is scheduled to undergo coronary bypass surgery in a week asks the nurse whether he should discontinue taking his cholesterol medicine ahead of the surgery. Which should be the nurse’s response?

A

“I will need to check with your health care provider about that.”

39
Q

Why do we wait to remove clothing and apply monitoring equipment till pt is asleep for procedure?

A

Prevent anxiety

40
Q

After a client receives morphine sulfate for pain in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), which assessment finding would the nurse obtain as a priority?

A

Monitor respirations

41
Q

How to respond to a patient that says, “Do I really need to be put to sleep for this surgery?”

A

Tell me what is making you nervous about the surgery?

42
Q

What is proper post abdominal surgery incision for coughing exercises?

A

Hug a pillow or folded blanket

43
Q

What would you do if you already medicated a patient and they forgot to sign the informed consent? Can you proceed?

A

Notify provider of oversight and do not proceed

44
Q

When would you teach a patient the importance of leg exercises for preventing postoperative thrombophlebitis?

A

Prior to surgery

45
Q

The nurse recognizes that palliative surgery is performed for what purpose?

A

to lessen intensity of illness

46
Q

Actions a nurse performs in the PACU:

A

Prepare client for home care
assess ability to return to inpatient room when arousable
assess for complications as the client emerges from anesthesia

47
Q

What factors determines nurses assessment data, outcomes, and the monitoring needs of a client in preparing for surgery?

A

Type of surgery

48
Q

Surgical risk for infants

A

Impaired thermoregulation

49
Q

How would you know if a client knew how to use an incentive spirometer?

A

The client completes a return demonstration and inhales with lips tightly sealed around the mouthpiece while sitting upright in bed.

50
Q

Give an example of a client who would be at risk for hypothermia during a procedure?

A

an older adult man with a fractured hip: very young or very old clients

51
Q

How often would you instruct a post-surgical patient to do breathing exercises?

A

Every 1-2 hours

52
Q

Why do we ask patients to not eat or drink for at least 12 hours before surgery?

A

To reduce risk of aspiration during the procedure

53
Q

What does the preoperative phase consist of?

A

Before, during and after a surgery

54
Q

Would it be alarming if a preoperative patient said, “I’ve been taking ibuprofen for my hip pain twice a day.” Why?

A

Yes, it can increase postoperative bleeding

55
Q

What does an ambulatory basis mean for a procedure?

A

The client will be admitted the day of surgery and return home the same day.

56
Q

Why would we check the patients back and bottom before a procedure?

A

The operating table is firm and need to be sure there is no current break down that could worsen on the table.

57
Q

What are anticholinergics used for in surgery?

A

Reduce laryngospasms

58
Q

If a client wear glasses, when can they wear them till during a procedure?

A

Allow the client to wear glasses until just before anesthetic is administered.

59
Q

How long before a surgery should you refrain from drinking water?

A

2 hours

60
Q

What position should a patient with a pulmonary embolus stay in?

A

Place the client in semi-Fowler’s position.

61
Q

What is primary place to document and find allergies for a patient?

A

In the chart

62
Q

How long should you wait to provide a patient post opt with food or water?

A

Oral fluid and food may be withheld until intestinal motility resumes.

63
Q

Surgical risks:

A 
obesity
bleeding tendencies
low hemoglobin
smoking
diabetes
cardiopulmonary disease
drug and alcohol use
diabetes
64
Q

What is the order of priority for a post-surgical patient:

A
  1. Place the client in a position that facilitates breathing.
  2. Measure pulse, blood pressure, respirations, and temperature.
  3. Measure oxygen saturation.
  4. Assess neurovascular status to the affected arm.
  5. Assess dressing for bleeding or other drainage.
  6. Assess for pain and administer prescribed analgesics, if indicated.
65
Q

What is crowing sounds in a post-surgical patient mean?

A

post-extubation stridor meaning narrowing airway

66
Q

What would you do first for a patient showing shock after a surgery?

A

Place the client in a flat position with legs elevated 45 degrees.

Fundamentals (6 decks)

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