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Fundamentals > Fluid Balance & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid Balance & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

acid: substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

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2
Q

Acidosis

A

acidosis: condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

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3
Q

Active transport

A

active transport: movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

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4
Q

Alkalosis

A

alkalosis: condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

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5
Q

Anions

A

anions: ion that carries a negative electric charge

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6
Q

Antibody

A

antibody: immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

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7
Q

Antigen

A

antigen: foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

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8
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

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9
Q

Base

A

base: substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

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10
Q

Blood typing

A

the laboratory examination to determine a persons blood type

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11
Q

Buffer

A

buffer: substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline

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12
Q

Capillary Filtration

A

passage of fluid across the wall of capillary; results from the force of blood pushing against the walls of the capillaries

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13
Q

Cation

A

cation: ion that carries a positive electric charge

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14
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

colloid osmotic pressure: pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

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15
Q

Cross-Matching

A

cross-matching: act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

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16
Q

Dehydration

A

dehydration: decreased water volume in body tissue

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17
Q

Diffusion

A

diffusion: tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

18
Q

Edema

A

edema: accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

19
Q

Electrolyes

A

electrolytes: substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

20
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

extracellular fluid (ECF): fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

21
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

hydrostatic pressure: force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

22
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

hypercalcemia: excess of calcium in the extracellular fluid

23
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

hyperkalemia: excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid

24
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

hypermagnesemia: excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

25
Q

Hypernatremia

A

hypernatremia: excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid

26
Q

Hyperphophatemia

A

hyperphosphatemia: above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

27
Q

Hypertonic

A

hypertonic: having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

28
Q

Hypervolemia

A

hypervolemia: excess of plasma

29
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

hypocalcemia: insufficient amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid

30
Q

Hypokalemia

A

hypokalemia: insufficient amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid

31
Q

Hypomagnesmia

A

hypomagnesemia: insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

32
Q

Hyponatremia

A

hyponatremia: insufficient amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid

33
Q

Hypophosphatemia

A

hypophosphatemia: below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

34
Q

Hypotonic

A

hypotonic: having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

35
Q

Hypovolemia

A

hypovolemia: deficiency of blood plasma

36
Q

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

A

intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid

37
Q

Ion

A

ion: atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

38
Q

Isotonic

A

isotonic: having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared

39
Q

Osmosis

A

osmosis: passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

40
Q

pH

A

pH: expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance

41
Q

Solutes

A

solutes: substance dissolved in a solution

42
Q

Solvents

A

solvents: liquid holding a substance in solution

Fundamentals (6 decks)

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