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BDS2 CDS Operative Techniques > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

BPE score 0

A

black band completely visible

no probing depths greater than 3.5mm

no calculus or overhangs

no bleeding after probing

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2
Q

are any teeth excluded in the BPE

A

3rd molars

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3
Q

what BPE scores are used in children aged 12+

A

all scores 0-4-*

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4
Q

what BPE scores are used in children aged 0-7

A

0-2

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5
Q

BPE score 1

A

black band completely visible

no probing depths greater than 3.5mm

no calculus or overhangs

bleeding after probing

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6
Q

BPE score 2

A

black band completely visible

supra- or sub-gingivally calculus or overhangs

bleeding after probing

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7
Q

BPE score 3

A

black band partially visible

probing depth 3.5-5.5mm present

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8
Q

BPE score 4

A

black band entirely in pocket

probing depth greater than 5.5mm

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9
Q

BPE score *

A

furcation involvement

3 possible grades

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10
Q

when are radiographs carried out after BPE

A

scores 3 or 4

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11
Q

next step for BPE score 3

A

radiograph for bone level

6 point pocket chart for that sextant post treatment

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12
Q

next step for BPE score 4

A

radiograph for bone level

6 point pocket chart of full mouth before and after treatment

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13
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 0

A

no need for periodontal treatment

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14
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 1

A

Oral hygiene instruction

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15
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 2

A

Oral hygiene instruction

removal of plaque retentive factors (inc. all supra and sub gingival calculus)

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16
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 3

A

Oral hygiene instruction

root surface debridement

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17
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 4

A

Oral hygiene instruction

root surface debridement

assess need for more complex treatment and refer to specialist if needed

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18
Q

basics of good seating position

A

forearms parallel to the floor

weight evenly distributed

thighs parallel to the floor

hip angle 90 degrees

seat height positioned so that you are able to rest your heels on the floor

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19
Q

index and thumb role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed on instrument handle

holds the instrument

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20
Q

middle finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

rests lightly on the shank

helps to guide the working end
feels vibrations transmitted from working end to the shank

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21
Q

ring finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed on oral structure, often tooth surface
- advances ahead of other fingers in grasp

stabilise the hand for control and strength

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22
Q

little finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed near ring finger
- held in natural, relaxed manner

has no function in grasp

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23
Q

manual toothbrush technique

A

modified bass

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24
Q

function of single tufted brushes

A

ideal for cleaning around implants, orthodontic appliances, crowns and bridgework as well as difficult and hard to reach areas

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25
Q

3 side effects of long term use of chlorohexidine mouth-rinse

A

extrinsic tooth staining
calculus build up
transient taste disturbance

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26
Q

7 measurements of a 6 point pocket chart

A 
probing depth 
bleeding on probing
gingival margin 
loss of attachment 
mobility (noted on crown)
furcation involvement (circles)
missing teeth (score through)
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27
Q

what probe is used for 6 point pocket chart

A

PCP 12 probe (periodontal chart probe)

3mm bands

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28
Q

probing depth

A

base of gingival crevice to gingival margin

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29
Q

recession/inflammation

A

gingival margin to ECJ

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30
Q

value for gingival recession

A

negative

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31
Q

value for gingival inflammation

A

positive

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32
Q

loss of attachment

A

probing depth + (inflammation/recession)

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33
Q

bleeding on probing measurement

A

present (+,1) or absent (-,0)

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34
Q

mobility grades

A
  1. less than 1mm horizontal
  2. 1-2mm horizontal
  3. more than 2mm horizontal and/or vertical or rotational
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35
Q

mobility grade 1

A

less than 1mm horizontal movement

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36
Q

mobility grade 2

A

1-2mm horizontal movement

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37
Q

mobility grade 3

A

more than 2mm horizontal movement and/or vertical or rotational

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38
Q

furcation grade 1

A

less than 1/3 or 1/2 of tooth

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39
Q

furcation grade 2

A

more than 1/3 or 1/2 but not through

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40
Q

furcation grade 3

A

through and through

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41
Q

ideal probe for furcation involvement

A

nabers probes

42
Q

6 sites of probe placement around tooth for 6PPC

A 
disto-buccal 
mid-buccal 
mesial-buccal
disto-palatal
mid-palatal 
mesio-palatal
43
Q

pressure of probe tip used in 6PPC

A

blanch fngernail
25 - 30 Newtons

gently placed in crevice until it reaches base of pocket

44
Q

how should the probe be held in connection to the tooth surface

A

parallel to the long axis

not held away from the tooth - walk around the gingiva

45
Q

what can trapped air cause in power scalers

A

the hand-piece to exceed comfortable operator temperature

46
Q

why is it important to hold the power handpiece vertically and press power from the foot pedal to allow water to overflow first?

A

allows water to flow over the stacks and maintain consistent performance of the insert

all of the air will be expelled from the handpiece

47
Q

use of magnetostrictive technology in power scalers

A

low voltage magnetic signal causes tip movement

handpiece contains coils that activate the inserts causing them to vibrate
- inserts are easily interchangeable

48
Q

what is the purpose of water flowing and spraying out of working tip of power scaler

A

used to wash away debris and endotoxins

cool tooth to tip interface

49
Q

where should the power scaler cable be positioned

A

it should be wrapped around the forearm or hooked inside the pinkie finger of the hand you instrument to prevent wrist fatigue

50
Q

what does the power setting of power scaler determine

A

the length of stroke

51
Q

medium to high power setting of scaler

A

wider stroke

want for heavy debris removal

wider or larger diameter insert (TFI, FSI 10, 100, 1000)

52
Q

when do you want a wider stroke of power scaler

A

heavy debris removal

53
Q

when do you want a smaller shorter stroke of power scaler

A

when doing root work to achieve periodontal debridement

54
Q

low power setting of scaler

A

achieves smaller strokes

fine root work debridement

FSI slimline

55
Q

basic rule of relationship between insert tip and power setting

A

the thinner the insert tip the lower the power setting

56
Q

4 parts of power scalers

A

stack

connecting body

‘O’ ring

insert tip

57
Q

stack

A

energy source of the instrument for the insert

58
Q

how should the stack be positioned for peak performance

A

stack should be straight

- bending of stack may interfere with performance of insert

59
Q

how does a stack in power scaler move

A

by elongation and contraction on horizontal plane (like elastic band)

60
Q

what information is stamped on the stack of the insert

A

date (year/month)
tip style (FSI, TFI and SLI)
frequency

61
Q

connecting body of insert system

A

connects the energy source (stack) to the insert tip

62
Q

‘O’ ring of insert system

A

rubber ‘o’ ring stops the flow of water from coming outside the handpiece and directs water towards the tip
- wet the ‘o’ ring as bleed the handpiece

only form of lubrication required for maintenance of O ring
keep a supply

63
Q

black O rings

A

all TFI (thru flow) and FSI (focus spray inserts)

64
Q

green O rings

A

classic P inserts, SLI (slimline) cavitron jet insert

65
Q

insert tip

A

the tip is the working end of the insert

66
Q

why should you not use the tip of any ultrasonic insert

A

will cause gouging of the root surface

67
Q

what are TFI inserts designed for

A

supragingival, moderate or heavy debris removal

  • can be used subgingival if tissue is retractable
68
Q

what are FSI 10, 100, 1000 inserts used for

A

supragingival moderate to heavy debris removal

greater visibility with less water spray due to focussed delivery and enhanced power
- aerosols and cleaning time decreased

69
Q

what are SLI inserts used for

A

light to moderate debris removal and fine root debridement

40% thinner than standard inserts, available with external water lube or FSI

greater tactile sense

70
Q

FSI

A

focused spray inserts

71
Q

TFI

A

thru flow

72
Q

SLI

A

slimline inserts

73
Q

ultrasonic system

A

devices operating at frequencies above the audible range includes systems in 18 to 50kHz range (18000 to 50000 cycles/sec)

74
Q

magnetostrictive ultrasonic system

A

method of creating mechanical movement using low voltage magnetic signal

handpiece contains coils that activate the interchangeable inserts causing them to vibrate

75
Q

piezoelectric ultrasonic system

A

method of creating mechanical movement using high voltage electrical signals

handpiece contains non-removable crystals

76
Q

sonic system

A

devices operating in audible range

3 to 8kHz (3000 to 8000 cycles/sec)

77
Q

air polishing

A

a controlled stream of sodium bicarbonate or aluminium trihydroxide is used for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes

also used for prophylaxis of orthodontic pt and preparation for sealants second bonding

78
Q

power scaler frequency

A

the number of times per second the insert tip moves back and fourth during a cycle

79
Q

power scaler cycle

A

one complete linear or elliptical stoke path

80
Q

optimum frequency

A

range between 18kHz and 32kHz is abobe the audible frequency

within a range to give greater pt comfort and maximum life of insert

81
Q

active tip area influenced by

A

affected by frequency

  • in 25-30kHz active tip area is approx. 4-3mm
  • in 40-50kHz active tip area is less than 2-4mm
82
Q

auto tuning

A

tip frequency is controlled automatically by the internal system of the Cavitron unit

83
Q

manual tuning

A

tip frequency is adjusted using the tuning knob

84
Q

power of power scaler

A

the electrical energy in the handpiece used to generate the movement of the insert

85
Q

what does increasing the power do to the insert

A

increased the stoke/movement of the insert without changing the frequency

86
Q

stroke of power scaler

A

the maximum distance the insert tip moves during one cycle

the power knob adjusts the stroke

87
Q

amplitude of power scaler

A

equal to half the stroke

88
Q

load

A

the resistance of the insert when placed against the deposit of calculus on the tooth surface

89
Q

what is the clinical power of a power scaler

A

the ability to remove deposits under load

the stroke frequency and type of motion (elliptical or linear) and angulation of motion against tooth surface are factors that determine clinical power

90
Q

acoustic ultrasonic effect

A

energy associated with sound waves

91
Q

acoustic streaming ultrasonic effect

A

unidirectional fluid caused by ultrasonic waves

occurs at lower acoustic pressure than cavitation

92
Q

acoustic turbulence ultrasonic effect

A

tip stroke causes to accelerate, producing an intensified swirling effect which is disrupts the bacterial matrix (biofilm)

effect is increased as power knob adjusted to higher power setting

93
Q

cavitation ultrasonic effect

A

formation of air bubbles in liquid by rapid changes such as those induced by ultrasound
- when bubbles implode they produce shock waves in the liquid

94
Q

power Vs hand scaler instruments

A

no difference in plaque/calculus removal or healing response

ultrasonic/sonic tip designs may allow better access to furcations

powered instrumentation may be faster or less demanding on the operator

ultrasonic/sonic instrumentation may result in less unwanted tooth tissue removal

95
Q

how full should the water reservoir be prior to commencing scaling

A

half filled with tap water

96
Q

where can power scalers be used

A

supra and sub gingival use

97
Q

how to remove calculus plaque with power scaler

A

contact with calculus/plaque is required

but not with tip as will gouge root surface

98
Q

once finished with power scaler, what should you do with the insert tip

A

remove the insert tip from barrel immediately

do not place in bracket/table as can cause a sharps injury

99
Q

summary of checks before power scaler use

A

Select the correct tip
Check the reservoir is filled with water
Fill the barrel with water
Place the insert into the barrel
Check the water spray is correct
hold the barrel so it is balanced in hand
Use a pen grasp, finger rest, light, magnification

100
Q

what should the power scalers water spray be adjusted to

A

Mist with some droplets through

by Rotating the barrel – pointer to rain drop sizes

BDS2 CDS Operative Techniques (5 decks)

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