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BDS2 CDS Operative Techniques > Periodontology > Flashcards

Periodontology Flashcards

1
Q

BPE score 0

A

black band completely visible

no probing depths greater than 3.5mm

no calculus or overhangs

no bleeding after probing

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2
Q

are any teeth excluded in the BPE

A

3rd molars

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3
Q

what BPE scores are used in children aged 12+

A

all scores 0-4-*

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4
Q

what BPE scores are used in children aged 0-7

A

0-2

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5
Q

BPE score 1

A

black band completely visible

no probing depths greater than 3.5mm

no calculus or overhangs

bleeding after probing

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6
Q

BPE score 2

A

black band completely visible

supra- or sub-gingivally calculus or overhangs

bleeding after probing

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7
Q

BPE score 3

A

black band partially visible

probing depth 3.5-5.5mm present

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8
Q

BPE score 4

A

black band entirely in pocket

probing depth greater than 5.5mm

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9
Q

BPE score *

A

furcation involvement

3 possible grades

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10
Q

when are radiographs carried out after BPE

A

scores 3 or 4

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11
Q

next step for BPE score 3

A

radiograph for bone level

6 point pocket chart for that sextant post treatment

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12
Q

next step for BPE score 4

A

radiograph for bone level

6 point pocket chart of full mouth before and after treatment

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13
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 0

A

no need for periodontal treatment

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14
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 1

A

Oral hygiene instruction

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15
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 2

A

Oral hygiene instruction

removal of plaque retentive factors (inc. all supra and sub gingival calculus)

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16
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 3

A

Oral hygiene instruction

root surface debridement

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17
Q

treatment guidelines for BPE score 4

A

Oral hygiene instruction

root surface debridement

assess need for more complex treatment and refer to specialist if needed

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18
Q

basics of good seating position

A

forearms parallel to the floor

weight evenly distributed

thighs parallel to the floor

hip angle 90 degrees

seat height positioned so that you are able to rest your heels on the floor

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19
Q

index and thumb role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed on instrument handle

holds the instrument

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20
Q

middle finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

rests lightly on the shank

helps to guide the working end
feels vibrations transmitted from working end to the shank

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21
Q

ring finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed on oral structure, often tooth surface
- advances ahead of other fingers in grasp

stabilise the hand for control and strength

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22
Q

little finger role in modified pen instrument grip

A

placed near ring finger
- held in natural, relaxed manner

has no function in grasp

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23
Q

manual toothbrush technique

A

modified bass

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24
Q

function of single tufted brushes

A

ideal for cleaning around implants, orthodontic appliances, crowns and bridgework as well as difficult and hard to reach areas

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25
3 side effects of long term use of chlorohexidine mouth-rinse
extrinsic tooth staining calculus build up transient taste disturbance
26
7 measurements of a 6 point pocket chart
``` probing depth bleeding on probing gingival margin loss of attachment mobility (noted on crown) furcation involvement (circles) missing teeth (score through) ```
27
what probe is used for 6 point pocket chart
PCP 12 probe (periodontal chart probe) 3mm bands
28
probing depth
base of gingival crevice to gingival margin
29
recession/inflammation
gingival margin to ECJ
30
value for gingival recession
negative
31
value for gingival inflammation
positive
32
loss of attachment
probing depth + (inflammation/recession)
33
bleeding on probing measurement
present (+,1) or absent (-,0)
34
mobility grades
1. less than 1mm horizontal 2. 1-2mm horizontal 3. more than 2mm horizontal and/or vertical or rotational
35
mobility grade 1
less than 1mm horizontal movement
36
mobility grade 2
1-2mm horizontal movement
37
mobility grade 3
more than 2mm horizontal movement and/or vertical or rotational
38
furcation grade 1
less than 1/3 or 1/2 of tooth
39
furcation grade 2
more than 1/3 or 1/2 but not through
40
furcation grade 3
through and through
41
ideal probe for furcation involvement
nabers probes
42
6 sites of probe placement around tooth for 6PPC
``` disto-buccal mid-buccal mesial-buccal disto-palatal mid-palatal mesio-palatal ```
43
pressure of probe tip used in 6PPC
blanch fngernail 25 - 30 Newtons gently placed in crevice until it reaches base of pocket
44
how should the probe be held in connection to the tooth surface
parallel to the long axis not held away from the tooth - walk around the gingiva
45
what can trapped air cause in power scalers
the hand-piece to exceed comfortable operator temperature
46
why is it important to hold the power handpiece vertically and press power from the foot pedal to allow water to overflow first?
allows water to flow over the stacks and maintain consistent performance of the insert all of the air will be expelled from the handpiece
47
use of magnetostrictive technology in power scalers
low voltage magnetic signal causes tip movement handpiece contains coils that activate the inserts causing them to vibrate - inserts are easily interchangeable
48
what is the purpose of water flowing and spraying out of working tip of power scaler
used to wash away debris and endotoxins | cool tooth to tip interface
49
where should the power scaler cable be positioned
it should be wrapped around the forearm or hooked inside the pinkie finger of the hand you instrument to prevent wrist fatigue
50
what does the power setting of power scaler determine
the length of stroke
51
medium to high power setting of scaler
wider stroke want for heavy debris removal wider or larger diameter insert (TFI, FSI 10, 100, 1000)
52
when do you want a wider stroke of power scaler
heavy debris removal
53
when do you want a smaller shorter stroke of power scaler
when doing root work to achieve periodontal debridement
54
low power setting of scaler
achieves smaller strokes fine root work debridement FSI slimline
55
basic rule of relationship between insert tip and power setting
the thinner the insert tip the lower the power setting
56
4 parts of power scalers
stack connecting body 'O' ring insert tip
57
stack
energy source of the instrument for the insert
58
how should the stack be positioned for peak performance
stack should be straight | - bending of stack may interfere with performance of insert
59
how does a stack in power scaler move
by elongation and contraction on horizontal plane (like elastic band)
60
what information is stamped on the stack of the insert
date (year/month) tip style (FSI, TFI and SLI) frequency
61
connecting body of insert system
connects the energy source (stack) to the insert tip
62
'O' ring of insert system
rubber 'o' ring stops the flow of water from coming outside the handpiece and directs water towards the tip - wet the 'o' ring as bleed the handpiece only form of lubrication required for maintenance of O ring keep a supply
63
black O rings
all TFI (thru flow) and FSI (focus spray inserts)
64
green O rings
classic P inserts, SLI (slimline) cavitron jet insert
65
insert tip
the tip is the working end of the insert
66
why should you not use the tip of any ultrasonic insert
will cause gouging of the root surface
67
what are TFI inserts designed for
supragingival, moderate or heavy debris removal - can be used subgingival if tissue is retractable
68
what are FSI 10, 100, 1000 inserts used for
supragingival moderate to heavy debris removal greater visibility with less water spray due to focussed delivery and enhanced power - aerosols and cleaning time decreased
69
what are SLI inserts used for
light to moderate debris removal and fine root debridement 40% thinner than standard inserts, available with external water lube or FSI greater tactile sense
70
FSI
focused spray inserts
71
TFI
thru flow
72
SLI
slimline inserts
73
ultrasonic system
devices operating at frequencies above the audible range includes systems in 18 to 50kHz range (18000 to 50000 cycles/sec)
74
magnetostrictive ultrasonic system
method of creating mechanical movement using low voltage magnetic signal handpiece contains coils that activate the interchangeable inserts causing them to vibrate
75
piezoelectric ultrasonic system
method of creating mechanical movement using high voltage electrical signals handpiece contains non-removable crystals
76
sonic system
devices operating in audible range 3 to 8kHz (3000 to 8000 cycles/sec)
77
air polishing
a controlled stream of sodium bicarbonate or aluminium trihydroxide is used for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes also used for prophylaxis of orthodontic pt and preparation for sealants second bonding
78
power scaler frequency
the number of times per second the insert tip moves back and fourth during a cycle
79
power scaler cycle
one complete linear or elliptical stoke path
80
optimum frequency
range between 18kHz and 32kHz is abobe the audible frequency within a range to give greater pt comfort and maximum life of insert
81
active tip area influenced by
affected by frequency - in 25-30kHz active tip area is approx. 4-3mm - in 40-50kHz active tip area is less than 2-4mm
82
auto tuning
tip frequency is controlled automatically by the internal system of the Cavitron unit
83
manual tuning
tip frequency is adjusted using the tuning knob
84
power of power scaler
the electrical energy in the handpiece used to generate the movement of the insert
85
what does increasing the power do to the insert
increased the stoke/movement of the insert without changing the frequency
86
stroke of power scaler
the maximum distance the insert tip moves during one cycle the power knob adjusts the stroke
87
amplitude of power scaler
equal to half the stroke
88
load
the resistance of the insert when placed against the deposit of calculus on the tooth surface
89
what is the clinical power of a power scaler
the ability to remove deposits under load the stroke frequency and type of motion (elliptical or linear) and angulation of motion against tooth surface are factors that determine clinical power
90
acoustic ultrasonic effect
energy associated with sound waves
91
acoustic streaming ultrasonic effect
unidirectional fluid caused by ultrasonic waves occurs at lower acoustic pressure than cavitation
92
acoustic turbulence ultrasonic effect
tip stroke causes to accelerate, producing an intensified swirling effect which is disrupts the bacterial matrix (biofilm) effect is increased as power knob adjusted to higher power setting
93
cavitation ultrasonic effect
formation of air bubbles in liquid by rapid changes such as those induced by ultrasound - when bubbles implode they produce shock waves in the liquid
94
power Vs hand scaler instruments
no difference in plaque/calculus removal or healing response ultrasonic/sonic tip designs may allow better access to furcations powered instrumentation may be faster or less demanding on the operator ultrasonic/sonic instrumentation may result in less unwanted tooth tissue removal
95
how full should the water reservoir be prior to commencing scaling
half filled with tap water
96
where can power scalers be used
supra and sub gingival use
97
how to remove calculus plaque with power scaler
contact with calculus/plaque is required but not with tip as will gouge root surface
98
once finished with power scaler, what should you do with the insert tip
remove the insert tip from barrel immediately do not place in bracket/table as can cause a sharps injury
99
summary of checks before power scaler use
Select the correct tip Check the reservoir is filled with water Fill the barrel with water Place the insert into the barrel Check the water spray is correct hold the barrel so it is balanced in hand Use a pen grasp, finger rest, light, magnification
100
what should the power scalers water spray be adjusted to
Mist with some droplets through by Rotating the barrel – pointer to rain drop sizes

BDS2 CDS Operative Techniques (5 decks)

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