Periodontal Phatology

Question 1

Less evident clinical signs and symptoms

Answer 1

Gingivitis in Smokers

Question 2

Tobacco noxious chemicals have
2 phases, what are those?

Answer 2

• Gaseous phase - inhaled toxic
  irritants/carcinogens
• Solid phase

Question 3

Give atleast 3 Food sources that are rich in prebiotics.

Answer 3

whole grain, honey, banana, garlic, onions, leeks, chicory, and artichokes.

Question 4

_____________________________________sticks intheir lifetime, currently smokes and can’t stop)

Answer 4

Chronic exposure - smokers; ≥100

Question 5

increased risk of a number of diseases including heart and chronic kidney disease.

Answer 5

Carnivore diet.

Question 6

Accumulation -> _______________-> biofilm -> promoting gingivitis to periodontitis

Answer 6

bacterial colonies

Question 7

____________________orchestrate the host response in periodontitis

Answer 7

Matrix metalloproteinase

Question 8

MECHANISM OF BONE DESTRUCTION HOST PRODUCE:

Answer 8

● Prostaglandins PGE2
● Interleukin- 1 alpha and beta
● Tumor necrosis factor - alpha
(TNF-alpha) are capable of
producing bone resorption

Question 9

How can we control immune response?

Answer 9

● Vaccines
● Medicine
● Healthy diet
● Better sleep
● Exercise

Question 10

Men are known to suffer _____________________ of comparable age. -usually exhibit poorer oral hygiene compared to
females.

Answer 10

greater from gum disease than females

Question 11

Female releases_____________________________________

Answer 11

Estrogen (predominant sex hormones in
females)

Question 12

What is Estrogen?

Answer 12

shows immune protective and
anti-inflammatory effects in hormonally active premenopausal women.

Question 13

Progesterone stimulate the production of the inflammatory
mediator, _______________ and to enhance the accumulation of _____________________ in the gingival sulcus.

Answer 13

prostaglandin E2 and polymorphonuclear
leukocytes

Question 14

causes inflammation and swelling around the teeth making them susceptible to cavities.

Answer 14

Dihydrotestosterone

Question 15

produces a chemical called
dihydrotestosterone, which damages the periodontium.

Answer 15

Testosterone

Question 16

major catecholamines are_______________________________________________________________

Answer 16

epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine.

Question 17

GIVE ATLEAST 5 FACTORS OF AGING IN PERIODONTAL.

Answer 17

1. Gum Recession
2. Decreased Blood Flow
3. Bone Loss
4. Decreased Collagen Production
5. Reduced Immune Response
6. Medications and Health Conditions
7. Tooth Wear and Damage
8. Changes in Oral Hygiene Habits
9. Dry Mouth
10. Periodontal Diseases

Question 18

____________________________ are the primary mediators of the innate immune response to invading microorganisms.

Answer 18

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Question 19

Low bacteroides
in women than in men

Answer 19

Gut microbiome

Question 20

Consistent epidemiological data have
highlighted higher periodontitis prevalence in
men as compared to women.
■ Men: ___ %
■ Women: ___%

Answer 20

Men: 57%
Women: 39%

Question 21

___________ are proteins and proteins are encoded by genes and
so the genetic factor the involvement of genetics in the
pathogenesis of periodontitis was starting to get attention after
the study of cornman and colleagues in ________.

Answer 21

Cytokines ; 1997

Question 22

Omnivore

Answer 22

protein-rich non vegetarian diet -> neutralize
acid production = less dental caries

Question 23

Age-related bone loss (___________) can affect the alveolar bone, which supports the teeth.

Answer 23

osteoporosis