genetics Flashcards
in population, ____ mutation is acceptable
0.1% genetic
if the mutation occurs at least ___ of the population, it is now term as ____
1%
genetic polymorphism
it is the simplest form of polymorphisms
single nucleotide polymorphism
refers to the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence
polymorphism
compromising the most abundant type of genetic variation
single nucleotide polymorphism
variant form of a gene; always a pair
allele
pair of allele that is carried by an organism “genetic make up”
genotype
observable physical properties
phenotype
occurs in periodontal disease is a consequence overwhelming
tissue distruction
it stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the periodontal tissues
IL-1
critical component in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and its unrestricted production may lead to tissue damage
IL-1
upregulates matrix metalloproteinases and downregulates tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase production
IL-1B
effective stimulator of bone resorption
IL-1B
stimulate the release of several inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and facilitating soft and hard tissue destruction
IL-1B and TNF-a
___enhance:
bacterial of phagocytes
recruit additional innate cell polulations to sites of infection
induce dendritic cell maturation and direct the subsequent specific immune response to the invading microbes
pro-inflammatory cytokines
