Periodontal medicine

Question 1

What is the primary difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?

Answer 1

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums without attachment loss, while periodontitis involves inflammation with attachment loss and bone destruction.

Question 2

Name two clinical features of gingivitis.

Answer 2

Bleeding on probing and changes in color and contour of the gums.

Question 3

what is a biofirlm? How is biofilm related to periodontitis?

Answer 3

Biofilm is a collection of bacteria that can cause inflammation and lead to periodontitis.

Question 4

What are two main types of oral septic foci?

Answer 4

Dental abscesses and periodontitis.

Question 5

How can oral septic foci be detected?

Answer 5

Through clinical examination and radiographic imaging.

Question 6

Explain the role of cytokines in periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Answer 6

Cytokines released during periodontitis can promote systemic inflammation, contributing to cardiovascular disease.

Question 7

How do lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from periodontal pathogens affect cardiovascular health?

Answer 7

LPS can enter the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.

Question 8

Describe the correlation between periodontitis and preterm low birthweight infants.

Answer 8

Inflammatory mediators from periodontitis can enter the bloodstream, potentially triggering preterm labor and low birthweight.

Question 9

Name a common sign of gingivitis visible during a dental examination.

Answer 9

Redness and swelling of the gums.

Question 10

What is the significance of bleeding on probing in diagnosing gingivitis?

Answer 10

It indicates inflammation and is a key diagnostic feature of gingivitis.

Question 11

How is the color of the gums altered in gingivitis?

Answer 11

Gums often appear red or reddish-purple due to inflammation.

Question 12

What changes in the contour of the gums are indicative of gingivitis?

Answer 12

Gums may become swollen and lose their normal scalloped appearance.

Question 13

What surface texture changes occur in gingivitis?

Answer 13

The gums may become smooth and shiny instead of their normal stippled texture.

Question 14

What are the main clinical features of periodontitis?

Answer 14

Biofilm and inflammation attachment loss, and bone destruction.

Question 15

How is attachment loss measured in periodontitis?

Answer 15

Using periodontal probing to measure pocket depths and clinical attachment levels.

Question 16

Define staging and grading in the context of periodontitis.

Answer 16

Staging assesses the severity and extent of the disease, while grading evaluates the rate of progression and risk factors.

Question 17

What are common clinical findings in periodontitis?

Answer 17

Deep periodontal pockets, recession of the gums, and mobility of teeth.

Question 18

How does periodontitis act as a risk factor for systemic diseases?

Answer 18

Inflammation from periodontitis can contribute to systemic conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases.

Question 19

What systemic diseases can be affected by periodontitis?

Answer 19

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Question 20

How can periodontal health impact cardiovascular disease?

Answer 20

Periodontal inflammation can lead to systemic inflammation ,increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.

Question 21

What mechanisms link periodontitis to preterm birth?

Answer 21

Inflammatory mediators and bacteria from periodontal infections can enter the bloodstream, potentially triggering preterm labor.

Question 22

Why is oral hygiene critical in preventing gingivitis and periodontitis?

Answer 22

Good oral hygiene reduces plaque and biofilm, preventing inflammation and disease progression.

Question 23

How can periodontitis be managed to reduce its impact on systemic health?

Answer 23

Through professional dental cleanings, good oral hygiene practices, and controlling systemic risk factors like smoking and diabetes.

Question 24

What role do professional dental cleanings play in managing periodontitis?

Answer 24

They remove plaque and tartar, reducing the bacterial load and inflammation.

Question 25

How does smoking influence the progression of periodontitis?

Answer 25

Smoking impairs immune function and reduces blood flow to the gums, accelerating disease progression.

Question 26

What is the impact of diabetes on periodontal health?

Answer 26

Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease and can worsen its progression due to impaired immune response and delayed healing.

Question 27

How can pregnancy affect periodontal health?

Answer 27

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.

Question 28

What are the key preventive measures for maintaining periodontal health?

Answer 28

Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, healthy diet, and avoiding tobacco use.

Question 29

How can inflammation from periodontitis affect overall health?

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation can contribute to systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Question 30

Why is early detection and treatment of periodontitis important?

Answer 30

Early treatment can prevent disease progression and reduce the risk of systemic health issues.