Periodontal medicine Flashcards
What is the primary difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums without attachment loss, while periodontitis involves inflammation with attachment loss and bone destruction.
Name two clinical features of gingivitis.
Bleeding on probing and changes in color and contour of the gums.
what is a biofirlm? How is biofilm related to periodontitis?
Biofilm is a collection of bacteria that can cause inflammation and lead to periodontitis.
What are two main types of oral septic foci?
Dental abscesses and periodontitis.
How can oral septic foci be detected?
Through clinical examination and radiographic imaging.
Explain the role of cytokines in periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Cytokines released during periodontitis can promote systemic inflammation, contributing to cardiovascular disease.
How do lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from periodontal pathogens affect cardiovascular health?
LPS can enter the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Describe the correlation between periodontitis and preterm low birthweight infants.
Inflammatory mediators from periodontitis can enter the bloodstream, potentially triggering preterm labor and low birthweight.
Name a common sign of gingivitis visible during a dental examination.
Redness and swelling of the gums.
What is the significance of bleeding on probing in diagnosing gingivitis?
It indicates inflammation and is a key diagnostic feature of gingivitis.
How is the color of the gums altered in gingivitis?
Gums often appear red or reddish-purple due to inflammation.
What changes in the contour of the gums are indicative of gingivitis?
Gums may become swollen and lose their normal scalloped appearance.
What surface texture changes occur in gingivitis?
The gums may become smooth and shiny instead of their normal stippled texture.
What are the main clinical features of periodontitis?
Biofilm and inflammation attachment loss, and bone destruction.
How is attachment loss measured in periodontitis?
Using periodontal probing to measure pocket depths and clinical attachment levels.
Define staging and grading in the context of periodontitis.
Staging assesses the severity and extent of the disease, while grading evaluates the rate of progression and risk factors.
What are common clinical findings in periodontitis?
Deep periodontal pockets, recession of the gums, and mobility of teeth.
How does periodontitis act as a risk factor for systemic diseases?
Inflammation from periodontitis can contribute to systemic conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory diseases.
What systemic diseases can be affected by periodontitis?
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
How can periodontal health impact cardiovascular disease?
Periodontal inflammation can lead to systemic inflammation ,increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
What mechanisms link periodontitis to preterm birth?
Inflammatory mediators and bacteria from periodontal infections can enter the bloodstream, potentially triggering preterm labor.
Why is oral hygiene critical in preventing gingivitis and periodontitis?
Good oral hygiene reduces plaque and biofilm, preventing inflammation and disease progression.
How can periodontitis be managed to reduce its impact on systemic health?
Through professional dental cleanings, good oral hygiene practices, and controlling systemic risk factors like smoking and diabetes.
What role do professional dental cleanings play in managing periodontitis?
They remove plaque and tartar, reducing the bacterial load and inflammation.
How does smoking influence the progression of periodontitis?
Smoking impairs immune function and reduces blood flow to the gums, accelerating disease progression.
What is the impact of diabetes on periodontal health?
Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease and can worsen its progression due to impaired immune response and delayed healing.
How can pregnancy affect periodontal health?
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis.
What are the key preventive measures for maintaining periodontal health?
Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, healthy diet, and avoiding tobacco use.
How can inflammation from periodontitis affect overall health?
Chronic inflammation can contribute to systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Why is early detection and treatment of periodontitis important?
Early treatment can prevent disease progression and reduce the risk of systemic health issues.
