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Dentistry > Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common oral disease and what age group does it affect?

A

Periodontal disease in dogs/cats over 3 years old

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2
Q

What is the #1 cause of tooth loss?

A

Periodontal disease

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3
Q

What is the initial type of plaque bacteria?

A

Gram + aerobic

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4
Q

What is the later type of plaque bacteria?

A

Gram - anaerobic (more destructive)

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5
Q

Mineralized plaque containing bacteria which release endotoxins that cause gingivits

A

Calculus/tartar

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6
Q

What do bacteria attach to on the surface of the tooth?

A

Acquired pellicle

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7
Q

Thin layer of salivary proteins

A

Acquired pellicle

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8
Q

What comprises plaque?

A

Bacteria, food, debris, oral epithelial cells, mucin

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9
Q

Inflammatory response (reversible)

A

Gingivitis

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10
Q

Destruction of junctional epithelium and epithelial attachment at base of gingival sulcus

A

Periodontitis

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11
Q

Is periodontitis reversible?

A

No

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12
Q

What seals off air access to allow anaerobic bacteria to grow?

A

Tartar

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13
Q

What are clinical signs of periodontal disease?

A

Halitosis, accumulation of plaque and tarter, inflamed/ bleeding gingiva

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14
Q

Is decreased appetite common with periodontal disease?

A

No

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15
Q

What feline viral disease exacerbates periodontal disease?

A

Calicivirus

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16
Q

Why is saliva important for teeth?

A

Helps w/oral defense mechanisms

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17
Q

Why is periodontal disease implicated in the formation of chronic nephritis, hepatopathies, and endocarditis?

A

Chronic showering of bacteria into circulation

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18
Q

Measures the amount of overall loss of support

A

Attachment loss

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19
Q

Gingival recession + pocket depth

A

Attachment loss

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20
Q

Amount of attachment loss compared to the normal length

A

Periodontal index

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21
Q

What is the primary criteria in assessing the likelihood of being able to retain a tooth?

A

% of attachment loss

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22
Q

Gingivitis only, no attachment loss

A

Stage 1 periodontal disease

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23
Q

<25% attachment loss, good cleaning may allow for reattachment

A

Stage 2 periodontal disease

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24
Q

25-50% attachment loss

A

Stage 3 periodontal disease

25
Q

> 50% attachment loss, pathologic tooth mobility, imminent that tooth will be lost

A

Stage 4 periodontal disease

26
Q

Incipient furcation exposure, soft tissue only

A

Stage 1

27
Q

Probe passes horizontally through furcation

A

Stage 3

28
Q

What is considered normal physiologic tooth mobility?

A

Up to 0.2mm

29
Q

What does normal gingival tissue look like?

A

Firm and pink w/defined stippling

30
Q

Gingival swelling, bleeds when proved

A

Gingivitis (stage 1)

31
Q

Hyperplastic gingiva - controllable but not reversible

A

Early periodontitis (stage 2)

32
Q

Gingival hyperplasia + bone loss

A

Moderate periodontitis (stage 3)

33
Q

Gingival recession + bone loss + furcation exposure + advanced tooth mobility

A

Advanced periodontitis (stage 4)

34
Q

Expression of vertical pocket formation filled w/granulation tissue and osteitis

A

Feline buccal bone expansion

35
Q

Which tooth is most commonly affected by FBBE?

A

Canine tooth

36
Q

What often accompanies FBBE?

A

Supereruption of the tooth (tooth looks longer than it should)

37
Q

What is the goal of periodontal disease treatment?

A

Prevent further destruction of affected sites and prevent development of new sites

38
Q

What is the best way to prevent periodontal disease?

A

Mechanical destruction of plaque

39
Q

Do antibiotics cure periodontal disease? Why or why not?

A

No - biofilms very resistant

40
Q

What is the #1 antibiotic used for systemic periodontal disease therapy?

A

Clindamycin

41
Q

What is the #1 antibiotic used for local periodontal disease therapy?

A

Chlorhexidine spray, gel, rinse

42
Q

What anesthetic ETTs should you use for oral procedures?

A

Guarded/armored tubes

43
Q

What can happen when using a spring-loaded divide to fully open an animal’s mouth

A

Maxillary artery compression = ischemic injury

44
Q

What grip should you use for dental procedures?

A

Modified pencil grip

45
Q

Which hand instrument has a pointed tip and 2 cutting edges and should never be used below the gingival margin?

A

Scaler

46
Q

Which hand instrument has a rounded tip and back w/flat face and only one cutting edge?

A

Curette

47
Q

Used to measure sulcus (pocket) depth

A

Periodontal probe

48
Q

Used to assess pulp cavity and for caries lesions

A

Periodontal explorer

49
Q

Thicker scaler

A

Dental hoe

50
Q

Why do you want to use a light touch for an ultrasonic scaler?

A

Light touch maintains vibrations

51
Q

How do you decrease risk of thermal damage assoc. w/ultrasonic scalers?

A

Water

52
Q

What is a benign tumor that looks like a real tooth?

A

Compound odontoma

53
Q

What is the first step of a dental cleaning?

A

Flush the oral cavity

54
Q

Is a calculus or gingivitis index more reliable to determine the severity of disease?

A

Gingivitis index

55
Q

If you missed a calculus, how will air identify remaining infractions?

A

Calculus appears chalky white when tooth is dry

56
Q

How many sides of each tooth should you probe once you have polished and flushed the teeth?

A

At least 4 (6 for multi-rooted teeth)

57
Q

Where should you pay close attention to look for deep pockets in small dogs and why?

A

Palatal surface of maxillary canines pockets commonly enter nasal cavity

58
Q

How can you tell if there is horizontal bone loss on a radiograph?

A

“Neck” lesion, furcation exposure

59
Q

How can you tell if there is vertical bone loss on a radiograph?

A

Periapical lucency, infrabony pockets

Dentistry (8 decks)

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