Periodontal disease Flashcards
What is periodontitis/gingivitis?
Inflammation of the periodontium/gingiva
What is the cause of gingivitis?
Plaque build up
What are the periodontal structures?
Gingiva
Periodontal ligament
Cementum
Alveolar bone
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis affects only the gingiva - it is reversible
Periodontitis affects all periodontium - it is irreversible
During gingivitis will gingiva bleed on probing? - if so from where?
Yes - from the gingival crevice
What will gingiva look like if suffering from gingivitis?
Red, swollen, shiny, soft
Is there any bone destruction in gingivitis?
No
What are the clinical features of periodontitis?
Pocket formation Loss of attachment Bleeding on probing Alveolar bone destruction Gingival recession Tooth mobility Tooth migration
What is supragingival plaque?
Plaque on the crowns of teeth
What is sub gingival plaque?
Plaque within the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket
What are the 3 steps of biofilm formation?
Attachement, colonisation, growth
What is the host response to plaque secretions?
Immune response
Inflammatory mediators released
Inflammatory mediators initiate tissue destruction to allow for more room for immune cells
What are the risk factors of periodontitis?
Plaque retention factors (overhanging restoration margins) Smoking Medications Individual genes Stress
What is the treatment for periodontitis?
Plaque removal
Removal of plaque retention factors
Scaling
Periodontal surgery (if pockets are deep)
What are the mechanical plaque control methods?
Toothbrushing
Inter-proximal cleaning aids
Professional cleaning
What are the chemical plaque control methods?
Mouthwash
Describe the Bass technique
Bristles at 45 degree angle to tooth axis
Pressed against gingival margin
Short back and forth strokes
Bristles must subgingivally
What is scaling and root surface debridement?
Mechanical removal of plaque and calculus from the tooth and root surface
What is the advantage of open flap surgery?
Allows access for deep instrumentation
Clean what you see
What is soft tissue surgery?
Replacing areas of lost bone or recession
What is the purpose of bony regeneration?
Artificial bone into pockets where alveolar bone has been destroyed
