Periodicity Flashcards
What is periodicity?
Repeating patterns and trends across a period
What are some of the properties across a period in terms of periodicity?
Electron configuration
Ionisation energies
Structure
Melting points
How did Mendelev arrange his version of the periodic table?
He ordered the known elements in order of atomic mass and left gaps for unknown elements
Define Ionisation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of a gaseous atom to produce 1 mol of a gaseous +1 ion
What 3 factors effect Ionisation energy?
Atomic radius
Nuclear charge
Inner shielding
How many Ionisation energies an an element have?
The same number as the amount of electrons in that atom
Define second Ionisation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to remove 1 mol of epwctrons from 1 mol of a gaseous +1 ion to form a gaseous +2 ion
Why are ionisation energy useful?
They can predict what group the element is in and how many electrons are in the outer shell
What do big jumps in Ionisation energy show?
New shells
What happens in terms of Ionisation energy down a group?
Energy decreases
Weaker nuclear attraction
More inner shielding
What happens in terms of Ionisation energy across a period?
Energy increases
More protons so greater nuclear charge
Why is there a decrease in energy across group 2 to group 3?
The electron moves into a P orbital
Why does Ionisation energy decrease between group 5 and group 6?
Electrons begin to pair up and so repel slightly
Define metallic bonding
The electrostatic attraction between the cation and sea of mobile charge carriers
What structure is formed in metallic bonding?
Giant metallic lattice
Name some properties of metallic bonding
High melting and boiling points
Electrical conducting
Insoluble in polar solvents
Mane some properties of giant covalent structures
Weak London forces so low melting and boiling points
Insoluble
Poor conducters of electricity
What 3 giant covalent structures are good conductors of electricity?
Carbon
Graphite
Graphene
Why do successive Ionisation energies increase?
Same amount of protons acting on less electrons so nuclear attraction is stronger
Give the equation for the first Ionisation of Calcium including state symbols
Ca (s) > Ca+1 (g) + eā
Give the equation for the second Ionisation energy if Calcium include state symbols
Ca+1 (g) > Ca+1 (g) + eā
