Periodic Trends Last Part

Question 1

What did Allen say about electronegativities

Answer 1

Electronegativity is the average one-electron ionization enthalpy of all s and p electrons in the valence shell of an atom

Question 2

What 3 things did Allen do / say

Answer 2

• Most recent electronegativity scale (spectroscopic electronegativity)
• Developed for the main group elements
• Allen’s values not substantially different from those of the others.

Question 3

In summary Metals

Answer 3

• Metals: low electronegativities
• Nonmetals: high values
• Metalloids: in between
• Atoms with the highest electronegativities are those with the smallest radii and the highest effective nuclear charges

Question 4

What is a ligand

Answer 4

An ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex

Question 5

What is a complex

Answer 5

Composed of a transition element and ligands

e.g.[Fe(CN)6]3−, where CN− is the ligand

Question 6

Explain low spin complex

Answer 6

Valence electrons (d orbital) of the metal ion are paired to a maximum, in contrast to Hund’s rule

Question 7

Explain high spin complex

Answer 7

Metal ion has the largest number of unpaired electron spins, according to Hund’s rule

Question 8

What are the 3 Magnetic properties of atoms and ions

Answer 8

Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility

Question 9

Explain Paramagnetic

Answer 9

• Has one or more unpaired electrons,
• Will be attracted into a magnetic field

Question 10

Explain Diamagnetic

Answer 10

• Do not contain unpaired electrons (all electrons are paired),
• Are weakly repelled by a magnetic field.

Question 11

Explain Magnetic susceptibility

Answer 11

• A measure of the force exerted by the magnetic field on a unit mass of the compound
• Iis related to the number of unpaired electrons per unit weight

Question 12

What contributes to paramagnetism in an atom

Answer 12

Orbital motion of unpaired electrons and the spin of the unpaired electrons contribute to paramagnetism in an atom

Question 13

Explain Measured susceptibility per mol

Answer 13

• Gives an indication of the number of unpaired electrons present,
• Used to calculate the magnetic moment, μ

Question 14

Explain Diamagnetic effect

Answer 14

• Always present,
• May be estimated from measurements on
  similar substances that lack the atom or ion
  that has the unpaired electrons