periodic trends Flashcards
what is atomic radius measured in?
picometers
in what direction does atomic size/radius increase?
top to bottom within a group
in what direction does atomic size/radius decrease?
left to right across a period
as atomic number increases within a group, atomic radius…
increases
define ion
an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
cation
ion with a positive charge
anion
ion with a negative charge
what kinds of atoms form ionic bonds together?
metals and nonmetals
what kind of atoms form covalent bonds together?
nonmetals and nonmetals
what kinds of atoms form metallic bonds together?
metals and metals
what type of element tends to form anions?
nonmetals
what type of element tends to form cations?
metals
define electronegativity
measure of an atom’s attraction for another atom’s electrons
what trend in electronegativity do you see as you go down a group?
decrease in electronegativity
what trend in electronegativity do you see as you go down a group?
increase in electronegativity
define ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
the energy to remove the first electron of an atom
first ionization energy
first ionization energy tends to … from top to bottom within a group
decrease
first ionization energy tends to … from left to right across a period
increase
cations are always … than the atoms from which they form
smaller
anions are always … than the atoms from which they form
larger
elements within a group usually have … properties
similar
elements become … metallic as they move left to right on the periodic table
less
