Periodic Trends

Question 1

Atomic Radius

Answer 1

the average distance from the center of an atom’s nucleus to the outermost shell of its electron.

Question 2

Ionization Energy

Answer 2

the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely held electron from an isolated, gaseous atom.

Question 3

Electron Affinity

Answer 3

the amount of energy released when a neutral atom gains an electron to form a negative ion.

Question 4

Metallic Character

Answer 4

the tendency of an element to lose electrons easily, forming positive ions (cations),

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

an atom’s tendency to attract shared electrons towards itself when forming a chemical bond.

Question 6

Shielding

Answer 6

the core electrons repelling the outer electrons, which lowers the effective charge of the nucleus on the outer electrons.

Question 7

What directions does ionization energy increase and why?

Answer 7

Ionization energy increases left to right. The number of protons in a nucleus increases resulting in a stronger pull.

Question 8

What direction does ionization energy decrease?

Answer 8

ionization energy decreases as you move down a group., the outermost electrons are located in higher energy levels further from the nucleus, experiencing more shielding from inner electrons, making it easier to remove them and decreasing the ionization energy.

Question 9

What direction does Electronegativity increase?

Answer 9

Electronegativity increases as you move left to right.
The number of protons in the nucleus increases, which pulls the electrons closer and enhances the atom’s ability to attract shared electrons,

Question 10

What direction does electronegativity decrease?

Answer 10

electronegativity decreases as you move top to bottom., the atomic radius increases, meaning the valence electrons are further from the nucleus, resulting in a weaker attraction and lower electronegativity.

Question 11

What direction does electron affinity increase?

Answer 11

Electron affinity increases left to right because of increase in nuclear charge.

Question 12

What direction does electron affinity decrease?

Answer 12

Electron affinity decreases bottom to top. The atomic radius increases, making it harder for the nucleus to attract an additional electron, thus decreasing the affinity for electrons.

Question 13

What direction does atomic radius increase?

Answer 13

Atomic radius increases top to bottom.: More electron shells are added as you move down a group.

Question 14

What direction does atomic radius decrease?

Answer 14

Atomic radius decreases as you move top to bottom. The number of electron shells increases, making the atom larger,