Periodic Trends

Question 1

Definition - Ionisation Energy

Answer 1

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons, from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous + ions

Question 2

Trend down group + justification - Ionisation Energy

Answer 2

Decreases. An increased number of electron shells decreases attraction from protons in the nucleus to valence electrons, making them easier to remove.

Question 3

Trend across period + justification - Ionisation Energy

Answer 3

Increases. An increased number of protons in the nucleus, with electrons added to the same energy levels increases the attraction from the protons to the valence electrons, making them harder to remove.

Question 4

Defintion - Electronegativity

Answer 4

The attraction between the nucleus and shared bonding electrons.

Question 5

Trend down group + justification - Electronegativity

Answer 5

Decreases. An increased number of electron shells decreases attraction from protons in the nucleus to valence electrons, making the element less electronegative.

Question 6

Trend across period + justification - Electronegativity

Answer 6

Increases. An increased number of protons in the nucleus, with electrons added to the same energy levels increases the attraction from the protons to the valence electrons, making the element more electronegative.

Question 7

Defintion - Atomic Radius

Answer 7

Distance from nucleus to valence electrons

Question 8

Trend down group + justification - Atomic Radius

Answer 8

Increases. An increased number of electron shells decreases attraction from protons in the nucleus to valence electrons, making the radius bigger.

Question 9

Trend across period + justification - Atomic Radius

Answer 9

Decreases. An increased number of protons in the nucleus, with electrons added to the same energy levels increases the attraction from the protons to the valence electrons, making the radius smaller.

Question 10

Compare radii atom to anion + justification

Answer 10

Anion (-) has a larger radius than the atom. The number of protons stays the same and electrons are added to the same shell. Increases valence electron-electron repulsion, which causes the radii to increase.

Question 11

Compare atom to cation (Na to Na+) + justification

Answer 11

Cation(+) has a smaller radius than the atom. The number of protons stays the same, when the valence electron is removed an entire energy level is removed. Increasing the attraction from protons to valence electrons and making the radius smaller.

Question 12

Compare atom to cation (Mg to Mg+) + justification

Answer 12

Cation(+) has a smaller radius than the atom. The number of protons stays the same, when the valence electron is removed there is less valence electron-electron repulsion, and greater attraction from the protons to valence electrons, making the radius smaller.