PERIODIC TABLE & DOT DIAGRAMS

Question 1

periodicity:

Answer 1

is the idea that the physical and chemical properties of elements seem to “repeat” on a regular basis

Question 2

Who listed all the elements?

Answer 2

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) listed all elements known at the time in order by atomic number
  -(more elements were added as they were discovered

Question 3

period:

Answer 3

the horizontal rows of the periodic table

Question 4

group (family):

Answer 4

they are columns in the periodic table

Question 5

What are the 5 main groups?

Answer 5

1. Group 1 are the “alkali metals”
2. Group 2 are the “alkaline earth metals”
3. Group 3-12 are the “transition metals”
4. Group 17 are the “halogens”
5. Group 18 are the “noble gases”

Question 6

alkali metals:

Answer 6

they have a reaction with water that forms “alkalies”

-including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr)

Question 7

alkaline earth metals:

Answer 7

they are shiny silvery-white and somewhat reactive metals at standard temp. and pressure
-including beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra)

Question 8

transition metals:

Answer 8

any of various chemical elements that have valence electrons ( 2 shells instead of 1)
-including iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni)

Question 9

halogens:

Answer 9

a chemical element that forms a salt when it reacts with metal; they are highly reactive
-including fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts)

Question 10

noble gases:

Answer 10

they are odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity
-including helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and radioactive radon (Rn)

Question 11

staircase:

Answer 11

the staircase separates metals (left side) from non-metals (right side)

Question 12

What are the elements on the “left side” of the staircase?

Answer 12

-they tend to form “positive ions”

Question 13

What are the element on the “right side” of the staircase?

Answer 13

-they tend to form “negative ions”

Question 14

energy levels:

Answer 14

are fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found; energy levels are a little like the steps of a staircase

Question 15

Which element is the only one that forms both positive and negative ions?

Answer 15

hydrogen

Question 16

Lewis Dot Diagram:

Answer 16

or an electron dot diagram is an illustration of an atoms valence electrons