Periodic Table And Trends

Question 1

What does group number represent in the periodic table?

Answer 1

Group number (down) = valence electrons

Each group in the periodic table corresponds to the number of valence electrons in the elements of that group.

Question 2

What does period represent in the periodic table?

Answer 2

Period (across) = the amount of occupied shells

Each period in the periodic table indicates the number of electron shells occupied by the elements.

Question 3

How does the position of metals in the periodic table relate to their reactivity?

Answer 3

The further left and down on the periodic table, the more reactive.

This trend is due to the decreasing effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons.

Question 4

How does the position of nonmetals in the periodic table relate to their reactivity?

Answer 4

The further right and up on the periodic table, the more reactive (excluding noble gases).

Nonmetals tend to gain electrons more readily as they are closer to having a full valence shell.

Question 5

What is effective nuclear charge?

Answer 5

A measure of the attractive force felt by valence shell electrons towards the nucleus.

Effective nuclear charge influences the ionization energy and the reactivity of elements.

Question 6

What is effective nuclear charge?

Answer 6

A measure of the attractive force felt by the valence shell electrons towards the nucleus

It accounts for the balance between attraction to the nucleus and repulsion from inner shell electrons.

Question 7

What do valence shell electrons experience in relation to the nucleus?

Answer 7

They are attracted to the positive charges in the nucleus but repelled by inner shell electrons

This interaction leads to a reduction in the effective nuclear charge.

Question 8

What is the shielding effect?

Answer 8

The reduction of attraction between the nucleus and valence shell electrons due to repulsion from inner shell electrons

It occurs in atoms with two or more filled electron shells.

Question 9

What is the formula for calculating effective nuclear charge?

Answer 9

effective nuclear charge = number of protons in nucleus - number of electrons in inner shells

This formula quantifies the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The effective nuclear charge is reduced by the _______ effect.

Answer 10

[shielding]

The shielding effect describes how inner shell electrons repel valence shell electrons.

Question 11

True or False: The effective nuclear charge increases with the number of inner shell electrons.

Answer 11

False

More inner shell electrons increase repulsion, which decreases the effective nuclear charge felt by valence electrons.