Periodic Table and Energy Flashcards
Define a group
A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in a group have similar chemical properties and there atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons.
outer electrons in different quantum shells
Define a period
A horizontal row in the periodic table. elements show trends in properties in across a period.
outer electrons in the same quantum shell
Periodicity
A regular repeating pattern in properties of elements across different periods is known as periodicity
how do subshells differ from orbitals
A subshell is a group of the same type of orbitals.
Orbitals are regions of an atoms containing up to two electrons with opposite spin.
s orbitals are spherical shape
p orbitals are dumbbell shaped
1st ionisation energy ingroup compared to period.
Down a group ionisation energy decreases. across a period there is a general increase, with irregularities when moving to new subshells
Group 2 + water , Observations
effervescence, the metal will dissolve
—–> meta hydroxide + (hydrogen)
Group 2 + acid , Observations
—–> salt + (hydrogen)
effervescence, metal dissolves
Why do ground samples react faster than blocks of substance?
Surface area is maximised, more substance can be reached by the other reagent therefor the reaction is faster.
group 2 metal oxide + water
—-> metal hydroxide
metal oxide dissolves then a white solid forms
solutions formed are alkaline
alkaline definition
A term used to describe a solution containing hydroxide ions
Alkalinity definition
A measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions present in an alkaline solution
affects on solubility alkalinity and pH travelling down group 2
they all increase
solubility definition
A measure of the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent
