Periodic Table Flashcards
The atomic weight of an element is equivalent to what we now call its:
Relative atomic mass
This Means the number of times heavier an atom when compared to 1/12 of a carbon-12 atom
Elements are arranged in rows, called?
Periods
Elemental period rows, increase in order of?
Atomic Number
Elements with similar properties are placed in vertical columns, called?
Groups
An electronic structure is the way in which electrons are arranged in an?
Atom
What is the term used for electrons that orbit an atom outide of the nucleus called?
Electron Shells
Elements with atomic numbers 1-20, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be present in the first shell?
2
Elements with atomic numbers 1-20, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be present in the 2nd shell?
8
Elements with atomic numbers 1-20, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be present in the 3rd shell?
8
The atomic number of an element describes?
The amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom
The central part of an atom is called the?
Nucleus
The nucleus of an atom contains which particles?
Only Protons & Neutrons
The atomic number of sodium is 11. Sodium atoms have 11 protons and how many electrons?
11
This electronic structure of Sodium can be written as:
2,8,1.
What does this mean?
The first electron shell has 2 electrons
The 2nd electron shell has 8 electrons
The 3rd electron shell has 1 electrons
This electronic structure of Sodium can be written as:
2,8,1.
What does the 1 mean?
The 3rd electron shell has 1 electron in its orbit
How is the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom linked to the periodic table?
Group Number
How is the number of electron shells of an atom linked to the periodic table?
Period number
The electronic structure of sodium (2,8,1) shows that sodium, (Na) has an atomic number of:
11
Most elements are metals.
In their chemical reactions, metal atoms lose electrons to form what type of Ion?
Positive Ions
A sodium atom, Na, forms a Na+ ion by losing an electron.
Elements that do not form positive Ions in their chemical reaction are called?
Non Metals
Non metals are a poor conductor of electricity and heat. They form acidic oxides
Non metals in the periodic table are poor conductors of electricity and heat. What type of oxide do they produce?
Acidic
The chemical properties of the compounds of metal are described to be?
Basic
The chemical properties of the compounds of non-metals are describe to be?
Acidic
The boiling and melting points of most metals compared to other elements in the periodic table are considered to?
High
The boiling and melting points of most non-metals compared to metals are considered to?
Low
In the periodic table, what colours represent the metals and non metals?
Metals are on the left (red) of the periodic table, and non-metals are on the right (yellow).
Elements in group 1 and group 2 are metals in the periodic table. Atoms of group 1 elements have how many electrons in their outer shell?
1
Elements in groups 6, 7 and 0 are non-metals. Atoms of group 7 elements have seven electrons in their outer shell. Atoms of group 0 elements, except helium, have how many electrons in their outer shell?
8
Atoms of group 7 elements have seven electrons in their outer shell, and atoms of group 0 elements, have eight electrons in their outer shell, all except which element?
Helium
The reactivity of elements are related to the number of?
Electrons in their outer shells.
Atoms of metal elements give away electrons in their reactions to form positive ions. The ions formed have a full outer electron shell, so their stability is classed as?
Very stable
Atoms of non-metal elements gain electrons in some of their reactions to form negative ions. The ions formed have a full outer electron shell, so thier stablility is classed as?
Very stable
Group 0 contains non-metal elements placed in the vertical column on the far right of the periodic table. The elements in group 0 are called the?
Noble Gases
The boiling points of noble gases compared to other elements are?
Low
What happens to the boiling point of noble gases as you go down the group in the table?
The boiling point increases.
As you go down Group 0 in the periodic table, the boiling point increases. List the two main reasons?
The atoms become larger
The intermolecuar forces are stronger
Which elements in the Periodic table are inert?
The Noble Gases (group 0)
Which group in the Periodic table are considered to be unreactive and do not take part of chemical reactions?
Group 0 (The noble Gases)
Why are the noble gases classes as inert/non reactive?
Their outer electron shells are full making them stable.
Atoms of group 0 elements already have stable arrangements of electrons. This means that they have no tendency to lose, gain, or share electrons. This is why the noble gases are unreactive. It also explains why atoms of group 0 elements do not share electrons to form molecules.
Which group number is known as alkali Metals?
Group 1
The density of alkali metals is?
Low
The hardness of alkali metals compared to other metals is?
Soft
The melting point of alkali metals compared to other metals is considered to be?
Low
What happens to the melting point of alkali metals as you go down the group 1 in the periodic table?
The melting point becomes less/lower
How many electrons are their in the outer shell of Atoms of group 1 ?
1
When a group 1 element takes part in a reaction, its atoms each lose one electron. This forms?
Positively charged ions
The alkali metals in group 1 react with water to produce?
A metal hydroxide
and
hydrogen gas
The alkali metals react with water to produce a reaction. Sodium reacts with water to produce?
Sodium hydroxide
+
hydrogen
Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. It is a base that dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution. This solution has a pH greater than?
7
Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. It is a base that dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution. This solution turns the colour of the universal indicator solution to?
Blue or purple
What happens to the reaction of group 1 metals you you go down the group in the periodic table?
The reactivity increases
The group 1 elements react with oxygen from the air to make metal?
Metal Oxides
What happens to the reactivity of the group 1 elements with oxygen as you go down the group?
More vigorous.
Predict which becomes white more quickly on exposure to air - a piece of rubidium, or a piece of lithium?
(Rubidium is below lithium)
The rubidium becomes white more quickly. This is because rubidium is below lithium in group 1, so rubidium is more reactive.
When a group 1 element takes part in a reaction, each of its atoms loses its outer electron to form a positively charged ion.
What happens to the reactivity of the metal the ions form very easily?
The more reactive the metal.
Going down group 1. What happens to the distance of the outer electron to the nucleus?
The distance becomes further
The force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases
The outer electron is lost more easily, thus increasing in reactivity.
The elements in group 7 are called the?
Halogens
Halogens exist as simple?
Molecules
The halogens exist as simple molecules. Each molecule is made up of a pair of halogen atoms joined by a single?
Covalent bond
A covelent bond is a bond between atoms formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.
What happens to the melting and boiling points of elements in group 7 as you go down the group?
They increase.
In group 7, What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you go down the group?
It decreses
The halogens react with which type of elements?
Non Metals
The halogens react with non-metals such as hydrogen.
When a halogen reacts with hydrogen, the product produced is called a?
Compound
A compound is a substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements
When a halogen reacts with hydrogen, the product is a compound called a hydrogen?
Hallide
The product is a compound called a hydrogen halide.
Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to produce?
Hydrochloric acid
When halogens react with hydrogen. What happens to the reactivity of the elements as you go down the group.
Decreases
When a group 7 element takes part in a reaction, its atoms each gain one electron. These atoms form what type of ion?
Negative Ion
