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Josh Y8 Science > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

How many main stores of energy are there?

A

7

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2
Q

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart is called?

A

Magnetic

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3
Q

The energy of a moving object is called?

A

Kinetic

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4
Q

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom is called?

A

Nuclear

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5
Q

The scientific way of saying that energy has been transferred is called?

A

Work

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6
Q

When energy is transferred, not all is directly converted as intended and some of that energy is?

A

Dissipated

Dissipation is a term that is often used to describe ways in which energy is wasted.

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7
Q

Any energy that is not transferred to useful energy stores is said to be wasted. Why?

A

Because energy is lost to the surroundings.

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8
Q

In a mechanical system, energy is dissipated when two surfaces rub together. Work is done which causes heating of the two surfaces. This work done is called?

A

Friction

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9
Q

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but it cannot be?

A

Created or destroyed.

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10
Q

What type of energy does a skydiver lose when he jumps out of a plane?

A

Gravitaional Potential Energy

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11
Q

When a skydiver jumps out of a plane, he begins to lose gravitational potential energy as his height decreases. This energy is transferred to what type of energy as his speed increases as he falls?

A

Kinetic Energy

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12
Q

The amount of kinetic energy in a moving object can be calculated using the equation?

A

Kinetic Energy=1/2 x mass x speed2

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13
Q

Work is defined as?

A

The product of net forces on object and the distance the object is moved

When a force causes a body to move, work is being done on the object by the force. Work is the measure of energy transfer when a force (F) moves an object through a distance (d).

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14
Q

The equation for work is?

A

Work= Force (N) x Distance (meters)

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15
Q

The units of work are:

A

Joules (J)

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16
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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17
Q

What is the most important component when determining kinetic energy?

A

speed

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18
Q

Define Kinetic Energy?

A

Energy of motion

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19
Q

Define Potential Energy?

A

Energy that is stored and held in readiness

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20
Q

Define energy?

A

Ability to do work

21
Q

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

A

Potential is the amount of energy stored and kinetic is in amount of energy in motion

22
Q

What does potential energy depend on?

A

Mass and height

23
Q

What does kinetic energy depend on?

A

Mass and velocity

24
Q

What is power?

A

Rate at which work is done

25
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

Sum of all energies

26
Q

The SI unit for power is called the?

A

Watt

27
Q

What is Chemical Energy?

A

The energy stored in chemical bonds

28
Q

When work is done, energy has been?

A

Transferred

When work is done, energy has been transferred from one energy store to another, and so:

Energy transferred = Work done

Energy transferred and work done are both measured in Joules (J).

29
Q

The amount of work done when a force acts on a body depends on two things:

A
  • The size of the force acting on the object
  • The distance through which the force causes the body to move in the direction of the force
30
Q

What is the Work Done:

A

A force of 10 N causes the box to move a horizontal distance of 2 m, so:

W = F x D

W= 10 x 2

W=20J

31
Q

When work is done on an object, energy is transferred. The rate at which this energy is transferred is called?

A

Power

32
Q

The equation used to calculate power is?

A

Power = W/T

33
Q

An electric motor is used to lift a 2 N weight through a vertical height of 10 m, in 10 seconds. What is its power?

A

Work Done =FxD (2 x 10)

Power = W/T

P= 20J/10s = 2W

34
Q

How good a device is at transferring energy input to useful energy output is called?

A

Efficiency.

35
Q

How is thermal energy transmitted through a conductor?

A

Easily

36
Q

What happens to the Ions when one end of a metal rod is put into a fire?

A

They vibrate faster

37
Q

How does an insulator affect the transfer of energy?

A

It tries to prevent the transfer of energy

38
Q

Applying heat to one end of a metal rod, what type of energy is occuring within the rod?

A

Conduction

39
Q

A material that heats the quickest is said to have a high thermal?

A

Conductivity.

40
Q

When materials are heated, the molecules gain which type of energy?

A

Kinetic

41
Q

The specific heat capacity of a material is the energy required to raise?

A

One kilogram (kg) of the material by one degree Celsius (°C).

42
Q

Which is the best insulator?

  • Copper
  • Tin
  • Wood
A

Wood

43
Q

What is a thermal conductor?

A

A material that easily allows thermal energy through

44
Q

Why is loft insulation so effective?

  • It traps air which helps to reduce heat lost from the home
  • It is itchy but reduces noise in the loft
  • The fibres do not burn easily if there is a fire
A

It traps air which helps to reduce heat lost from the home

45
Q

What would make the best material for wrapping around a mug to keep a hot drink warm for as long as possible?

  • Aluminium foil
  • Bubble wrap
  • Copper foil
A

Bubble Wrap

46
Q

What happens to the molecules in a liquid as it gets hotter?

  • Speed up
  • Slow down
  • Stay at the same speed
A

Speed Up

47
Q

What happens to the molecules in a solid as it gets hotter?

  • Start vibrating
  • Vibrate faster
  • Vibrate slower
A

Vibrate faster

48
Q

When doing an experiment to find the specific heat capacity, which of these items of equipment is not needed?

  • A heater
  • A force meter
  • A thermometer
A

A force meter

49
Q

If the same amount of heat energy were to be provided to a block of twice the mass of the same material, what would happen to the temperature rise?

  • It would be double
  • It would be the same
  • It would be half
A

It would be half

The temperature rise would be half as much. If there is twice as much mass then the same energy must spread out twice as far so each particle does not gain as much energy as before.

Josh Y8 Science (3 decks)

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