Periodic Table Flashcards
What is a compound
Substances who’s particles are made of more than one type of ATom
What is an element
Substances made of only one type of atom
What is a mixture
Substances which are made of more than one type of particle. They contain two or more compounds or elements
What is an atom made up of
Protons , neutrons , electrons
What is the charge of electrons
Negative
What is the charge of the nucleus and what is it equal to
Positive charge equal to number of protons
What is the netrons charge
No charge. It is neutral
What is a neutral atom
Number of protons and electrons are equal. The overall charge is 0
Positively charged atom
Number of protons greater than number of electrons . Cations
Negatively charged atom
Number of electrons greater than number of protons . Anion
What is the mass of the electron cloud
Electron cloud has no significant mass
What is the mass of the nucleus equal to
Number of protons + number of neautrojs
What is the mass of electrons
No significant mass
What is atomic mass
Mass number of the atom. Calculated by adding protons and neutrons
What are isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What is the atomic number
Number of protons . Determines what the element is
Why do we look at the number of protons for atomic number
Number of neutrons in an atom can vary. Number of electrons change as they are constantly leaving and entering electron cloud. Number of protons don’t change
What are group 1 alkali metals
Soft, easy to slice , reactive metals
Reacts vigorously with air and water to form salts
What are group 2 earth alkali metals
Less reactive than group 1 metals , more reactive than transition metals
React with hot water and oxygen if lit
Over time requires coating so it doesn’t react with air
What are transition metals
Hardest, toughest metals
React very slowly with air and water
Useful for buildings , cars , gadgets
What are other metals
Similar to transition metals but have electronic structure. In groups 3-5
Not quite metal or non metal
What are non metals
Form any compounds , carbon is backbone of living matter , oxygen is used to breathe , nitrogen makes up most of the air, sulphur is in natures compounds , phosporous starts fires
Halogens
Chlorine, fluorine are corrosive gases
Bromine is a liquid with a thick vapor above it
Iodine is a solid that sublimes easily
Very reactive, found in salts (halides)
Noble gases
Only elements which exist as single atoms
What are properties of metals
Ductile, luster, malleable, thermal / electrical conductor
What is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere
Nitrogen
What is the lightest gas
Hydrogen
What gas protects us from harmful rays
Ozone
What is the formulae for these diotimic non metal elements
Hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen, bromine, iodine, chlorine, fluorine
H2,02,N2,Br2,I2, Cl2, F2
Why do atoms bond to eachother
In order to be stable
What can compounds be divided into
Molecular, ionic compounds
What is a molecular compound
Non metal atoms bond to other non metal atoms. Compound is made of molecules
What is an ionic compound
When metal atoms bond to non metal atoms
Salt is made of ions
Particles which make up salt are ions (positively or negatively charged)
What are polyotmic ions
Have a positive or negative charge. Non metals. Will always be a salt (salts are made of ions )
What is zincs valency
2
What is silvers valency
1
What are the valences of polyotmic atoms
Same as their charge
What is the symbol for ammonia and what is its valency and why
NH4. Valencie is 1 as it’s NH4+
What is the symbol for nitrate and what is its valency and why
NO3. Valency is 1 as the charge is -
What is the symbol for nitrite and what is its valency and why
N02. Valency is 1 as charge is -
What is the symbol for hydroxide and what is its valency and why
OH. Valency is 1 as charge is -
What is the symbol for sulphate and what is its valency and why
SO4. Valency is 2 because charge is 2-
What is the symbol for sulfite and what is its valency and why
SO3. Valency is 2 as charge is 2-
What is the symbol for carbonate and what is its valency and why
CO3. Valency is 2 as charge is 2-
What is the symbol for phosphate and what is its valency and why
PO4. Valency is 3 as charge is 3-
What are atoms made in
Everything , our bodies, trees , doughnuts
Hydrogen chloride
HCL
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Sulfurous acid
H2SO3
Water
H20
Ammonia
NH3
Carbon dioxide
Co2
Sulfur dioxide
So2
Nitrogen dioxide
No2
When do chemical reactions occur
When a substance reacts to form one or more new substances
How do we represent a chemical reaction
Chemical equation
What is at the left hand side of the equation and what’s it called
Substances present at the start before the reaction occurs . reactants
What are the substances on the right of the equation
The new substances that form . Products
