Periodic Table Flashcards
(61 cards)
What is a compound
Substances who’s particles are made of more than one type of ATom
What is an element
Substances made of only one type of atom
What is a mixture
Substances which are made of more than one type of particle. They contain two or more compounds or elements
What is an atom made up of
Protons , neutrons , electrons
What is the charge of electrons
Negative
What is the charge of the nucleus and what is it equal to
Positive charge equal to number of protons
What is the netrons charge
No charge. It is neutral
What is a neutral atom
Number of protons and electrons are equal. The overall charge is 0
Positively charged atom
Number of protons greater than number of electrons . Cations
Negatively charged atom
Number of electrons greater than number of protons . Anion
What is the mass of the electron cloud
Electron cloud has no significant mass
What is the mass of the nucleus equal to
Number of protons + number of neautrojs
What is the mass of electrons
No significant mass
What is atomic mass
Mass number of the atom. Calculated by adding protons and neutrons
What are isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What is the atomic number
Number of protons . Determines what the element is
Why do we look at the number of protons for atomic number
Number of neutrons in an atom can vary. Number of electrons change as they are constantly leaving and entering electron cloud. Number of protons don’t change
What are group 1 alkali metals
Soft, easy to slice , reactive metals
Reacts vigorously with air and water to form salts
What are group 2 earth alkali metals
Less reactive than group 1 metals , more reactive than transition metals
React with hot water and oxygen if lit
Over time requires coating so it doesn’t react with air
What are transition metals
Hardest, toughest metals
React very slowly with air and water
Useful for buildings , cars , gadgets
What are other metals
Similar to transition metals but have electronic structure. In groups 3-5
Not quite metal or non metal
What are non metals
Form any compounds , carbon is backbone of living matter , oxygen is used to breathe , nitrogen makes up most of the air, sulphur is in natures compounds , phosporous starts fires
Halogens
Chlorine, fluorine are corrosive gases
Bromine is a liquid with a thick vapor above it
Iodine is a solid that sublimes easily
Very reactive, found in salts (halides)
Noble gases
Only elements which exist as single atoms
