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Physics > ELECTRICITY > Flashcards

ELECTRICITY Flashcards

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1
Q

What will happen if the 2 ends of the cell aren’t connected on the outside

A

The reaction inside the cell, will occur only to a small extent and then stop

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2
Q

What is the difference between the 2 ends of the battery reflected by

A

The potential difference of the cell measured in volts

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3
Q

If the ends of the cell are connected by a closed circuit what can happen

A

The Chemical reaction can draw in electrons from the conductor at the positive side and electrons can flow out of the cell into the conductor at the negative side

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4
Q

How do the stream of electrons flow

A

From negative to positive

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5
Q

What causes a flat battery

A

When all of the chemicals in the cell are used up

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6
Q

What is a closed circuit

A

Uninterrupted pathway for current to flow from the positive end to the negative

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7
Q

What is an open circuit

A

Normal path of current has been interrupted by the disconnection of one part of its conducting pathway from another

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8
Q

What is an electrical cell

A

A system in which certain chemical reactions can cause the flow of electricity through an external circuit

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9
Q

What is a battery

A

A group of cells connected together

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10
Q

What is the total voltage of for cells in series

A

The sum of all the voltages of individual cells

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11
Q

What is the total voltage for cells connected in paralllel

A

The same as for one cell

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12
Q

What is a short circuit

A

When The 2 ends of a cell battery are connected by a simple conducting wire

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13
Q

Why do electrons flow easily through a short circuit

A

Electrons flow easily as it has very little resistance. A very big electrical current will flow very rapidly from the negative to the positive side of the cell.

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14
Q

What is a resistor

A

A conducting material selected to control the current in a closed circuit and to provide useful energy transfer in a circuit

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15
Q

What causes resistance

A

A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to move from one point on a wire to a second point

When electrons move in a wire they don’t move in straight lines, they collide with the atoms in the wire.

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16
Q

What is a basic resistor

A

Provides resistance but performs no other function. Only to control the current

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17
Q

What is a rheostat

A

Basic resistors whose resistance can be adjusted by the slider

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18
Q

What are heater resistors

A

The resistance of a heater converts electrical energy to heat and light energy

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19
Q

How are light bulbs and LED lights resistors

A

Electrical energy is converted into light and heat energy

20
Q

How are Motors resistors

A

Converted electrical energy to mechanical / heat / sound energy

21
Q

What are the factors affecting resistance and explain them

A

Type of material - different conducting materials have different resistance to electrical current.
Thickness of conductor - the thinner the conductor the more resistance it has
Length of conductor - the longer the conductor, the more restistance it provides.
The temp of the conductor - the hotter the more resistance
Unit of resistance

22
Q

What is a series circuit

A

A closed circuit, in whitch the current follows one path only
The more resistors the higher the resistance
Total restistance calculated by adding all of the restistance together

23
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

Circuit divided into 2 or more paths. Each resistor provides an alternate route for current to pass around circuit. Current splits between resistors. More resistors in parallel the lower the resistance. Easier for current to pass through 2 pathways instead of one

24
Q

What is the equivalent resistance of resistors always lower than in paralalel

A

Always lower than the smallest resistance in parallel pair

25
Q

What is electric charge measured in and what is this

A

Coulombs. One coklumb of charge is equal to 6,25 x 10 [18] electrons

26
Q

What is current

A

Rate of flow of electrical charge

27
Q

What is current measured in and what is this

A

Amos, and this is the current flowing when one coulomb of charge passes a point in the circuit every one second

28
Q

What is current measured with

A

An ammeter placed in series in a circuit

29
Q

Desribe the current in a series circuit

A

Current isThe same at every point of the series circuit ( hosepipe) electrons at one point can’t move faster than those at another point

30
Q

What happens with current in parallel

A

The current divides between the resistors but the sum of the two currents is equal to the total (un split ) current in the circuit

31
Q

How do currents glow brighter

A

When they have more current flowing though them. More restistance = dimmer light ( lower current)

32
Q

What is conventional current

A

Flow of electrons is from Positive to negative

33
Q

What happens as current passes through resistors

A

The energy of the current is converted into other forms of energy . Current loses energy

34
Q

What is potential difference

A

Between 2 points in a circuit is the work done or energy released to move on collumb of charge between those 2 points in a circuit

35
Q

How is potential difference measured

A

Using a voltmeters

36
Q

How does a voltmeters work

A

Connected parallel to part of the circuit measured, clips are connected to the 2 points between where the voltage is measured,

37
Q

What is the voltage drop

A

The total volts the current loses

38
Q

Where are volts usually lost

A

In the resistors

39
Q

What causes a higher potential difference across resistors

A

High restistance

40
Q

What happens with potential difference in parallel

A

The current splits into 3 parts. Each part can only follow one of the 3 paths

41
Q

What is an amp

A

One amp is the current flowing when one coulomb of charge passes a point in the circuit every one second

42
Q

What is resistance

A

The opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current

43
Q

What are the 3 ways restistance is measured

A

Ammeter in series. Voltmeter in parallel over the resistor or by using the formula R = v / I

44
Q

What is an ohm

A

A restistance between 2 points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of 1.0 volt, applied to these points , produces in the conductor a current of 1.0 ampere.

45
Q

How does a coulomb loose energy and why

A

As it moves through a resistor, each coulombs energy is converted into heat, light or mechanical energy

46
Q

What is the potential difference across the resistor

A

The number of joules of electrical potential energy lost by each coulomb of charge as it passes through the resistor

47
Q

How do electrical cellls work

A

A chemical reaction happens Which results in one cell having extra electrons and the other having too few electrons (becoming positive)

Physics (4 decks)

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