Periodic Table Flashcards
Why is the arrangement of the electrons in the outer shell so important?
It determines how reactive the element is.
It determines how the element reacts with others.
What determines the way an element reacts with others?
The electronic configuration, most importantly the arrangement of the electrons in its outer shell.
How does the modern periodic table arrange the elements?
In order of atomic number.
What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups.
What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods.
What do all the elements in a group have in common?
They all have the same number of electrons in their outer shells.
What do all the elements in a period have in common?
They all have the same number of electron shells.
What does modern periodic law state?
The properties of the elements are a function of their atomic numbers.
What confirms that the noble gases have a stable electronic configuration?
A lot of energy is required to remove an electron from these atoms.
OR
They have very high ionisation energies.
What are the four main blocks of elements?
S-block, d-block, f-block, p-block.
What groups does the s-block contain?
Groups 1 & 2.
Why is it called the s-block?
All the element within it have outer electrons in the s subshell.
What are properties of elements in the s-block?
Very reactive and form stable ionic compounds.
Lower melting/boiling temperatures.
Lower densities.
Conduct electricity.
Where is the d-block in the periodic table?
Between groups 2 & 3.
What is the d-block often called?
The transition metals.
How reactive are they compared to the s-block elements? Why?
Much less reactive. The inner d orbitals are being filled whilst the outer s subshell is full.
What are the properties of the d-block elements?
Conduct electricity & heat.
Many shiny & hard.
Ductile.
Malleable.
What orbital is being added to in the f-block?
The f subshells.
What is the top row of 14 elements in the f-block known as?
The lanthanides.
What is the second row of the f-block elements known as?
The actinides.
What do all the actinides have in common?
They are radioactive.
What groups make up the p-block elements?
3,4,5,6,7,8.
What orbital are electrons being added to?
The p orbital.
What does the p-block contain?
Non-metals and metalloids (and some metals).
Do the non-metals/p-block elements conduct electricity and heat?
Yes.
Are the p-block metalloids reactive?
They are relatively unreactive & resemble those of non-metals.
What property of metalloids makes them different to non-metals?
They conduct electricity (although only conduct poorly).
How do the non-metals react?
They form covalent bonds with non-metals & ionic bonds with metals.
Which non-metals can conduct electricity?
Carbon.
