Orbitals And Shells Flashcards
How does electron spin influence the filling of orbitals?
2 electrons in the same orbital cannot have the same spin so an orbital can hold a max of 2 electrons.
When is an atom in its lowest state of energy?
When it’s electrons are in the orbitals with the lowest possible energy levels.
How do we show which direction a electron is spinning?
arrows pointing up and down.
Why do you put one electron in each orbital before you put the second in? What is this called?
Electrons want as many unpaired electrons as possible. This is Hund’s rule.
Which orbital will the electrons fill first?
The lowest-energy orbitals, then the remaining in increasing energy.
Why aren’t the shells always filled in order?
The next orbital may have a lower energy, eg. The 4s orbital is filled before the 3d orbital.
How are electrons arranged around the nucleus?
In an electron cloud.
How can we show the electron cloud?
Using an electron density map.
What does the electron density map show?
The areas around the atom in which electrons are most likely to be.
Orbital diagrams in book.
Page 67.
