Periodic Table Flashcards
What group is the noble gases
Group 0
Name the elements in noble gases
helium, neon, krypton, argon, radon
properties of noble gases
inert, odourless, colourless
noble gases have how many electrons in the outer shell? this means they have a…
8 electrons (2 for helium) means that they have a stable electronic configuration.
boiling point increases or decreases down group8
and what are their uses
increases
krypton: eye treatment lasers
neon: advertising signs
heliun: airships,balloons
argon: light bulbs
alkali metals are group
1
name alkali metals
and why does reactivity increase?
lithium sodium potassium
Group 1 has 1 electron on their outer shell, so they are violent to lose an electron to stabilise. As you go down, a shell is added, meaning the size of the atom increases. This means the outer shell is further from the nucleus (as its shielded by the inner shells) and so the attraction of the nucleus is weaker. As a result the electron can be lost easier in reactions. This makes the element more reactive.
what happens as you go down a group
a shell is added
halogens are group
7
name halogens
flurorine, chlorine, iodine
why are halogens reactive?
do they increase or decrease reactivity as they go down and why?
highly reactive because they have 7 electrons - need one more to be stable
decreasing reactivity because as you go down, a shell is added, increasing the distance between the outer shell and nucleus, weakening the force of attraction and reactivity decreases
do melting/boiling points increase/decrease going down group 7 and why
it increases because molecules get larger and the forces between molecules get stronger so it needs more energy to separate it.
cl2 is … and is a …. at room temperature
i2 is … and is a ….. at room temp
br2 is ….. and is a ….. at room temp
cl is green and gas
br2 is brown./orange and is liquid
i2 is black/purple and solid
what happened when you added sodium to water and WHY
sodium floated on the surface - not dense
fizzed violently - hydrogen gas
becomes a ball - low melting point so it melts
moves vigorously - hydrogen gas propels it
water turns alkali
it disappears
potassium burns into a lilac flame bc its very reactive
where are transition metals
central part between groups 2 and 3
compared to other metals, transitional metals have
higher melting points
higher densities
greater strength
greater hardness
just like most other metals, transition metals are
solid at room temperature
sonorous
shiny
good conductors
many transition can form …
positive ions
ions are formed when
atoms gain or lose an electron
what do halogens produce and how
salt through acids reacting with bases/ metal reacting with non metals
